Septic Tank Pumping, Sewer Cleaning | Birmingham

What is a Septic System?

A Septic System is a small wastewater treatment system designed to dispose of household, biological sanitary waste. Wastewater from the home flows into the tank who's primary purpose is to separate solids (which settle to the bottom of the tank as sludge) from the wastewater before they reach the drain (leach) field. The lighter waste particles (such as hair or grease) form a type of scum which accumulates at the top of the tank until purged.

Up to 50 % of the solids retained in the bottom of the tank decompose while the rest accumulate in the tank and require periodic pumping for their removal. After the solids have been removed, the effluent or clarified wastewater, is transported to a distribution box which splits the effluent into a series of pipes set in trenches which are filled with gravel (called the drain or leach field).

These distribution pipes have holes that allow the wastewater to seep through the gravel and into the soil which acts as a natural filter eliminating many of the bacteria that cause diseases. Microorganisms in the soil break down many of the impurities before the filtered water flows back into the groundwater.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, 25% of US homes have tanks which treat and dispose of effluage on site, most of which last between 25-35 years if maintained properly. Improperly functioning systems can cause sewage backups, smelly pools of sludge in the yard, excessive green growth, and/or contaminate well/water supplies.

What are the health affects of Sewerage?

Tanks are usually designed to hold enough sludge for up to three years of normal operation. When the sludge level increases beyond its designed capacity, sewage has less time to settle before leaving the tank allowing more solids to escape into the absorption field. Sludge infiltration into the soil absorption field can result in system failure. If sufficient ground area is not available for repair/replacement of the drain field, the home could be rendered inhabitable. To prevent this, the tank must be periodically pumped (the material pumped is known as septage) to remove the sludge buildup.

Improper maintenance by homeowners is the most common reason for failure, leading to high levels of coliform bacteria and nitrates in drinking water. Common problems associated with faulty systems include contaminated wells when the sewerage is located to close or uphill from the water supply.

What can I do to ensure the efficiency of my system?

Regular Inspection, Service and Pumping: The single most important factor is the regular removal of sludge and scum before it washes into the drainfield. Pumping intervals depend largely on the size of the tank, the number of people in your household, the volume of water used and amount of solids being disposed. The State of Georgia recommends regular septic pumping every 3 to 5 years.

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Septic Tank Pumping, Sewer Cleaning | Birmingham