Home Builder Developer - Interior Renovation and Design

Well be looking at root killers for septic tanks, including the best brands in the market.

Many times, tree or shrub roots become the enemy of our septic systems. This is because such roots may infiltrate into tanks through tiny cracks.

As they penetrate such tanks, roots create even wider cracks which lead to a problematic system.

This article will discuss a solution for root penetration in septic tanks with special reference to root killers. Root killers have been around for some time and have provided relief for many households.

To understand this better, youll need to look at the contents of a septic tank.

Septic tanks hold waste which is usually separated into 3 phases; scum, effluent, and sludge. The effluent layer is rich in nitrates which are considered good fertilizing agents.

When tiny cracks begin to form on septic tanks, a slow action by tree roots begins. Roots will need to gain access to a source of nutrients that are being held in septic tanks.

As this situation unfolds, groundwater also infiltrates the septic tank.

This leads to a situation where the tank fills up easily.

Before you ever decide to use root killer for septic systems, youll need first to confirm that a root issue is existent.

Tree roots cause a myriad of problems for your septic tanks as well as the entire system. The best way to find out if roots are the issue is to look for certain symptoms.

These symptoms include frequent pumping of septic tanks, sitting water on the drain field, poor drainage, and patches of green in the leach field.

Lets briefly discuss each of these problems for a better understanding.

When roots interfere with septic tanks and systems, they block off your drain field and pipes.

This negatively impacts your septic tank as it becomes more easily filled up than usual. Septic tanks are meant to be pumped once every 3 to 5 years.

With root actions, you may be pumping your tanks much more frequently than normal.

Now, this symptom is only speculated. An actual inspection of the septic tank by a technician will determine if the issue is due to tree root presence or if other things are responsible.

When a drain field becomes overwhelmed by excess water, it results in a situation where it hardly absorbs.

This results in sitting water on the drain field. As your septic tank fills up easily due to cracks caused by roots, it fills up easily. This results in excess water being delivered to the drain field.

Are you experiencing sluggish drains in your toilet and sinks?

The first thing that comes to mind when you notice this problem is the possibility of a full septic tank. Now, what if its not due for pumping?

If so, there could be other reasons, among which is the possibility of root penetration.

Are you noticing the growth of lush green grasses and shrubs above your leach field?

This may be due to the escape of nutrient-rich water from your septic tank. This is mostly the case when roots cause a blockage of distribution pipes.

As mentioned earlier, theres no way of knowing that tree roots are present within your septic tank.

The symptoms listed above are only that and will need to be further investigated. When its determined that roots are present, an appropriate treatment will be necessary.

This brings us to our main focus; root killers for septic tanks. A wide range of root-killing products has been developed by different companies to combat the root menace.

A tree must have been planted too close long after the septic tank was installed.

In other cases, septic tanks were installed within proximity to trees. Whatever the case is, your best bet is to find the most appropriate treatment.

Root killers are specially formulated chemical products that are designed to act on roots within proximity to a septic tank. These products are applied to wither or kill tree roots.

This prevents them from further encroachment into your septic tank.

There are lots of root killer products on the market. Youll have to make your choice of what best fits your needs. Each of these products comes with user instructions.

Youll need to make your preferred pick based on customer reviews and expert recommendations.

Most root killers are in the form of septic tank additives.

These chemicals are designed so that they dont affect digestive bacteria found in septic tanks when applied. However, any plant roots within such tanks are destroyed.

So how about corrosion? Will your tanks corrode when these chemicals come in contact? Not at all! Your tank remains in perfect working condition.

When it comes to root killers, youre likely to be spoiled for choice as there are tons of them.

Each of these makes serious claims about its efficacy. Its left to you to find out whats best or what isnt. This is possible by going through customer reviews.

Some popular products include Hi-Yield Root Killer, Zep Root Kill, and Roebic Foaming Root Killer.

Others include RootX Root Killer, Root Destroyer, and much more. As mentioned earlier, most of these are septic additives that can be applied through the toilet or drainage.

After confirming the presence of roots, the cracks or openings resulting from their penetration will need to be fixed.

In other words, killing plant roots isnt enough to resolve the problem. Other issues may develop include a septic tank that fills up too fast.

Youll need to discuss with your technician the best ways to resolve the problem.

Here are the best root killers for sewer lines.

One of the main problems affecting sewer lines is the presence of plant or tree roots.

These cause all sorts of issues, such as entangling pipes with hair-like masses. Though tiny, these hair-like masses are likely to form clogs as they hold on to toilet tissue and other debris.

The best response to root problems affecting sewer lines is to apply commercial or homemade root killers. As the name implies, a root killer will fight back by killing off all roots within your sewer lines.

This allows for fewer interruptions and better functioning of your sewer system.

Tree roots are notorious for causing sewer line issues.

In other words, trees and shrubs are the major causes of root problems. This is because plants and trees will readily tap from nutrients contained in wastewater being transported by sewer lines.

With root killer products, you wont have to worry about cutting down your trees as a preventive measure. Trees themselves provide a lot of benefits.

Your best bet will be to find the most effective root killers to safeguard your sewer lines. So, what are they? There are several!

When applying a root killer, you want to ensure the product reaches every part of your sewer lines.

The top part of sewer lines may be left out when the right type of root killer isnt reached. This is where the foaming root killer comes in handy. It reaches all sides of the pipe.

This isnt to take anything away from root killers containing copper sulfate. These, too, are effective. However, the only difference is that such products wont reach the top side of the pipe.

With this information provided, lets consider some of the top root killers for sewer lines. Its also important to note that this follows no particular order.

When it comes to the most effective root killers for sewer lines, no particular product can be pointed out as being the overall best. Rather, several root killer products from popular brands can be listed as being among the best.

These root killer products are largely divided into two types; copper sulfate or rock salt and foaming dichlobenil pesticide. While both categories will readily kill off roots, their applicability depends on the situation at hand.

Top brands include Roebic K-77, Sanco Industries, FDC, Roebic FRK-1LB, and ROOTX. Others include ZEP, Root Reach, Green Gobbler, Rooto, and Earthworks.

Lets provide further details on each of these root-killing products.

If you wish to eliminate roots in your sewer and septic pipes, Roebic K-77 is one of the trusted products to consider. It not only kills roots but also prevents re-growth, thus improving flow and drainage.

Roebic K-77 is non-corrosive as such, safe for all plumbing types.

Youll need to apply once every 6 to 12 months. This product saves you a lot of expenses in costly digging as well as rooter service.

This product is used in both sewer and septic systems.

Root Destroyer is best applied when you first notice reduced flow. It contains copper sulfate crystals that act on all invasive sewer line roots. While killing such roots, it wont harm your trees.

Its important to note that Root Destroyer will temporarily reduce bacterial action. However, this only lasts 15 days after which full bacterial action is restored.

Its designed to only kill roots within the leach line and nothing more.

FDC is another top root killer product with about 99% copper sulfate purity.

These are bright blue crystals that go by several names such as blue vitriol, cupric sulfate, blue copper, and bluestone among others. FDC is also known to have many other applications.

If you need the best foaming root killer for sewer lines, this is one product to get as it reaches all slides of your sewer lines for maximum action. All roots in sanitary sewers are eliminated, plus it foams on contact.

What more? If youre concerned about the safety of your plumbing, Roebic FRK-1LB will serve just fine.

This granular concentrate is easy to use and provides real results. In addition to killing all roots, Roebic 1LB serves to prevent recurring growth.

ROOTX is also a foaming root killer that reaches areas (top of sewer lines) where most root intrusions occur.

Not only are roots killed, but it also strips off grime and grease on roots with its surfactant formula. With ROOTX, you wont have to deal with the recurring growth of roots.

ZEP Root Kill will readily kill off roots found within your sewer lines.

With such roots dead, normal system flow is fully restored. You dont have to be worried about the safety of your shrubs and trees as no damage is done. ZEP Root Kill contains copper sulfate.

Root Reach is designed for use in both sewer and septic lines. Its a foaming-only agent thats designed to fill pipes with foam. This product can also be mixed with other cleaning agents for the best results.

Some examples of these cleaning agents include Dichlobenil, Root Gone, Copper Sulfate, and Drain Free, etc.

Another foaming root killer to consider is Green Gobbler.

It reduces repair costs, prevents re-growth, saves you money on repair costs, and also safe for your plumbing. Youll need to follow all use instructions to apply this product.

Rooto helps clear roots from your sewer pipes and also eliminates new growth. Rooto is fast and easy to use and also harmless to bacteria. It comes in a plastic container measuring about 2lb.

Rooto comes in liquid form.

Earthworks root killer comes in powder form consisting of copper sulfate crystals. Its purity level is about 99.9% with ease of use and also providing value for money.

Root killers for septic tanks perform an excellent job of ridding invasive root growth. This solution also positively affects the general performance of your septic tank as well as the entire system.

These are some of the best root killers for sewer lines. Here, you have the option of choosing what works best for your situation. You dont need to wait until your sewer lines are clogged.

By applying any of these, youre able to rid your sewer and septic lines of all root intrusions.

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20 Best Tree Root Killer For Septic Tanks And Sewer Lines

There's no way around it -- installing a new septic system is expensive. This is especiallypainful if you find that you need to install a new septic system while you're in the process of sellingyour house. And unfortunately, there's no generic answer to how much a septic system will cost. Theonly sure way to find out is to get a number of competing quotes.

Septic systems will vary in price depending on a few different factors such as material costs, the company which you hire to install the system, the area in which you live and the type of septic system which you have installed. In general, gravity-powered conventional septic systems are the least expensive. In some parts of the United States you can get such a system installed for $3,000 - $5,000. On the otherhand, in Massachusetts my neighbors often paid $15,000 or more!

Concrete septic tanks are generally cheaperthan high density polyethylene tanks -- though they won't last as long.Other types of septic systems such as aerobic tank systems cost substantially more, as they require morecomplicated electrical pumps and alarms.

A quick call to your Town Hall should provide you with the costs for any permits you will need during theprocess.

The best approach to estimating your costs is to get on the phone with your friends and neighbors. Findout who had a septic system installed, and which septic companies they used. Local realtors are alsolikely to provide a wealth of information on this topic, as they have likely dealt with home sellerswho needed to have a septic system replaced (likely on very short notice!)

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Estimating the Cost of your Septic System

BEND, Ore. (KTVZ) -- Here is the city of Bend's road and traffic report for the week of August 22-28.

Ongoing Closures:

Future Road Closures:

Work schedules are dependent on weather conditions and other factors. Always exercise increased caution within construction zones. Drivers should use designated detour routes. Nearby residential streets are for local traffic only.

Contact: Deedee Fraley, Assistant City Engineer541-385-6199, dfraley@bendoregon.gov

For Street Preservation related questions: Paul Neiswonger, Streets Supervisor541-317-3035, pneiswonger@bendoregon.gov

Closures and detours in Bend are updated weekly at:bendoregon.gov/traffic

Find more information about street operations at:bendoregon.gov/streetpreservation

Weekly reports can be received via email by subscribing to Weekly Road and Traffic Reports at:bendoregon.gov/enews

KTVZ NewsChannel 21 is committed to providing a forum for civil and constructive conversation.

Please keep your comments respectful and relevant. You can review our Community Guidelines by clicking here

If you would like to share a story idea, please submit it here.

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City of Bend road and traffic report: Week of August 22-28 - KTVZ

RIDGEFIELD From Memorial Day through Veterans Day each year, those walking or driving around town likely will spot American flags flying freely outside of homes and businesses.

Those flags are part of the Ridgefield Rotary Clubs annual Fly the Colors program.

Securing nearly 600 subscribers for this years program, the Rotary Club raised $20,000 to donate in support of veteran programs.

Ridgefield Rotary Club Communications Chair Bill Wyman said the local club, which was founded in 1941, has been organizing the Fly the Colors program since 2013.

After one of the clubs members spotted a community in Ohio participating in the program, Wyman said the Rotary Club was inspired to organize a program that offered to install American flags outside Ridgefield homes and businesses for a fee.

The fee is $80 for the first year, and then $40 a year on a subscription basis. Once subscribers place their flag order, Wyman said the Rotary Club buys the flags and flagpoles, drills the holes in the ground for the flag poles and installs the flags. Subscribers are asked where theyd prefer to have the flags installed, and Rotary Club volunteers work to install them, whether its in their garden, aligned with their front door or placed on either side of their driveway.

It takes about a month-and-a-half to install all the flags, Wyman said, adding all the work is done by volunteers. After Veterans Day, Rotary Club members will pick up the flags, store them and replace any damaged flags.

Each year, the Ridgefield Rotary Club donates the proceeds from the Fly the Colors program to support veterans programs or The Center for Empowerment and Education formerly known as The Womens Center of Greater Danbury.

In the past, proceeds generated through the program have been donated to support the Homes for Heroes program in Bridgeport, Ridgefield marines and their family members, and the Entrepreneurship Bootcamp for Veterans at UConns School of Business.

Proceeds from this years program, went to support UConn School of Businesss Entrepreneurship Bootcamp for Veterans, a program he said the Rotary Club has supported for the last seven years. The Entrepreneurship Bootcamp for Veterans is designed to offer cutting edge, experiential training in entrepreneurship and small business management to post-9/11 veterans with disabilities resulting from their service to our country, according to the programs website.

The Rotary Club operates under the motto Service Above Self. The Ridgefield club has 42 members - the majority of which are town residents - that meet every Wednesday night at 6:30 p.m. at Keeler Tavern Museum at 152 Main St.

Those interested in joining the club are welcome to attend a meeting or contact the club through its website, http://www.ridgefieldrotary.com.

We do everything within the town to help local communities, local organizations, do well, Wyman said.

Among the clubs local efforts, Wyman said they constantly raise money to support nonprofits. He added the club also works on international projects, such as sponsoring a water system for an organization in Cambodia or sponsoring the installation of a septic system for two schools in Africa.

One of the things we are noted for is the eradication of polio, Wyman said.

The Ridgefield Rotary Club started the campaign to eradicate polio in 1968, working with the Centers for Disease Prevention and Control and raising over $2 billion, he said

Until last (month), polio was only in two countries Pakistan and Afghanistan and it just showed up in New York due to the sewer system, Wyman said.

Since its initial year, Wyman said the Fly the Colors program has gained more participants with every passing year.

I think people are just proud they like to see the flags flying and that has always been a strong point of Ridgefield, he said. Theres a lot of pride in town and they love to see it. When we went into COVID-19, we asked to please put the flags up earlier than ever to get community support and feeling that not everything is going poorly in the world. I think that year we started in March.

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Nearly 600 American flags flying in Ridgefield: 'There's a lot of pride in town' - The Ridgefield Press

Southeast Community Colleges Lincoln Campus is in the process of a $30-million facelift that is transforming a large portion of the existing 300,000 square-foot main building. Construction started in the spring of 2021 and is scheduled to be completed a couple months ahead of schedule in February 2023.

Were excited to finish this next phase in transforming the Lincoln Campus and addressing the needs of our students, says Bev Cummins, vice president for program development and Lincoln Campus director.

The renovation includes nearly 80,000 square feet of the main building and approximately 26,000 square feet of new construction, including a second floor. Cummins said most of the work on the exterior of the building is complete, while they are still working on other things like drywall, painting, installing elevators and landscaping, among other things.

Externally, it will provide a welcoming and transparent front door that is modern, yet timeless, Cummins added. It will be a classy, welcoming and transparent space that will create a cohesive connection between support services and students.

Classes start August 22 and students and staff at the Lincoln Campus are asked to be patient during the last phase of this renovation. In addition to the renovation and addition to the main building, a 250-bed student housing unit is under construction on the Lincoln Campus. It is scheduled to open in January 2024.

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SCC Lincoln Renovation On Track To Be Complete In Six Months - KLIN

Recessed lighting is a great way to illuminate a room and make it feel more spacious. It can also be used to provide task lighting for specific areas and draw the eye to focal points. How much does recessed lighting cost, though, and is it worth the investment?

According to Angi and HomeAdvisor, homeowners can expect to pay between $100 and $500 per light for recessed lighting, with the average cost to install recessed lighting in a typical-size room coming in around $330 per light. The price can vary depending on the housing type used for the light, the current status of electrical power to the room, and how accessible the area above each light is.

Keep reading to gain a deeper understanding on how to calculate the cost to install recessed lighting, the benefits of this type of lighting, and how to save money on an install.

Want to install recessed lighting in your home?

A pro can take care of that for you. Get free, no-commitment project estimates from services near you.

Before beginning, there are a few variables a homeowner needs to determine. Once these variables are addressed, they can be plugged into an equation to help determine the cost to install recessed lighting.

First, calculate the number of lights needed in the installation space (X) using the formula below. Then, determine the estimated cost per light (Y). This includes the housing, trim, bulb, and labor. Next, multiply the first number by the second number. This equation is as follows:

Room square footage 1.5 = Total wattage 60 (or whichever wattage preferred) = X

1 housing + 1 trim + 1 bulb + labor = Y

X Y = Z

Heres an example for a 100-square-foot room, where each light costs approximately $300.

100 1.5 = 150 60 = 2.5 (when the answer is less than a whole number, round up; in this case, it would be 3)

Materials and labor for 1 light = $300

3 $300 = $900

The cost of installing recessed lighting can widely vary. Coming up with an estimate depends on the type of light housing, the type of trim, the location of the light, and whether any wiring and electrical work needs to occur. The cost will also be determined by how many lights are needed and whether the install is taking place in a new or existing home.

The average install cost for recessed lights is $330 per fixture. Homeowners can use the following list of cost-influencing factors to help determine the cost of their own recessed lighting project.

While all recessed lights are different in features, advantages, and limitations, they all have one distinct element in common. They sit inside a can, and the can is recessed into a ceiling.

A ceilings architecture and layout determine what type of housing, or can, a recessed light can sit in. The different price ranges, descriptions, and benefits are broken down in detail below. For now, homeowners should know that different housing types for recessed lights have a price range of $10 to $160 per light.

Housing types can be mixed within a room, but for consistency, style, and simplicity, most recessed lighting installations feature the same housing type throughout a single space. Its not uncommon, however, to find different housing types throughout a home. For example, canless recessed lighting styles can be found in hallways, while vaulted ceiling cans are ideal for sloped ceilings. Wet-rated housings are required in bathrooms and are ideal for outdoor spaces. One of the first steps to estimating the cost of a recessed lighting installation is to decide which housing type is either required or desired.

The trim is the piece of recessed lighting that covers the hole holding the housing. Sometimes when the hole for the light is cut, there can be jagged cuts or edges. Trim gives the area around a recessed light a clean and polished look.

The type of trim a homeowner chooses can significantly change the appearance of a recessed light, as well as the price. For example, a baffle trim has a ribbed interior housing that casts a wide beam of light. It creates a softer glow by reducing glare and is ideal for living rooms, hallways, and entryways. A recessed light with baffle trim costs between $5 and $80.

An eyeball trim is adjustable and can swivel to direct light to a specific area in a room. It features a rounded bulb casing that protrudes from the ceiling, making it the perfect choice for accent or task lighting. A recessed light with eyeball trim costs between $15 and $30.

Gimbal is another type of trim, and it ranges in price from $15 to $90. Its also an adjustable trim option, and it tilts and rotates. It features a flat bulb that remains flush with the ceiling and is designed for accent walls or sloped ceilings.

A reflector trim costs between $10 and $60. A recessed light with reflector trim offers a polished finish and is ideal for kitchens and high ceilings. A wall wash trim includes a shield that covers half the bulb. This directs the light to a specific spot in a room, so its perfect for highlighting artwork or displayed heirlooms. A recessed light with wall wash costs between $10 and $100.

A recessed light with shower trim is best for bathrooms. This trim forms a watertight seal and is covered with a tempered glass lens for safety in wet spaces, including bathrooms and saunas. A light with a shower trim costs between $10 and $50.

Additional trims each have their own price range, as follows:

Many homeowners choose a traditional white finish for their recessed lighting. Since most ceilings are white, a white finish is a tasteful choice that blends well. But there are other finish shades and colors that can complement a design when paired with a wall color, farmhouse feel, or rustic ambience. Every option has its own price range for homeowners to consider against their budget.

Simple and common, white trim is the most affordable trim finish at $10 to $25 per piece. Gold is another affordable and stylish choice, costing between $10 and $45. Nickel and chrome finishes are similar in price, with ranges between $15 and $80 and $15 and $90, respectively.

Copper is a finish type thats quickly gaining popularity in rustic homes. Its a bit more expensive, coming in between $25 and $60. Black trim finish for recessed lighting has a cost range of $25 to $80, while bronze ranges between $30 to $60 per piece.

Brighten up your home with new recessed lighting

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Most types of recessed lighting housing can utilize a number of different bulbs. Fluorescent bulbs are a common choice, and each bulb costs between $2 and $15. This type of bulb ranges in brightness and color, so its easy to find a combination that works best for a spaces unique lighting needs. Fluorescent bulbs also last for a long time, though they need to be disposed of safely since they contain mercury.

Halogen lights cost between $3 and $12 per bulb. Theyre filled with halogen gas that burns brighter and lasts longer than standard bulbs. For areas that can benefit from extra bright light, halogen is a great option. Compact fluorescent lights, or CFLs, cost between $3 and $15 per bulb. Theyre on the smaller side so theyre great for smaller recessed lights that still need to light up a large space.

Low-voltage bulbs cost between $5 and $15 per bulb. Not all types of recessed lights can use these bulbs. Incandescent can lights cost between $3 and $40 a bulb. Theyre an uncommon choice, however, because theyre not very efficient and burn out easily. Finally, LED bulbs are the most common type of recessed light bulb. They cost between $5 and $50 and come in a wide variety of both warm and cool colors. LED recessed ceiling lights are very energy efficient, making this bulb type a great value choice for recessed lighting.

Recessed lighting installation requires wiring and electrical work. The extent of the work can greatly affect the installation cost. Most houses are wired with either copper or aluminum wire; the two cannot be mixed, so what exists in a home determines what is used during a lighting install.

Newer homes tend to have aluminum, as its less expensive. When adding recessed lighting during a new build, aluminum wiring costs between $0.26 and $0.59 per linear foot (for material only). Older homes tend to have copper wiring, which is quite a bit more expensive at $0.52 to $1.25 per linear foot of material.

When simply extending wiring from an existing switch, the cost for the wiring itself is minimal. However, if a home needs to be completely rewired during a remodel, homeowners can expect to pay somewhere between $4,000 and $10,000 to complete the project.

The location in which the recessed lights are to be installed can also affect the cost. For example, homeowners often add recessed lighting to their living rooms to brighten up the space, make it feel more modern, and create illuminated focal points for design. On average, the cost to install recessed lighting in a living room averages between $200 to $300 per light in a new build or $450 to $650 per light in an existing home.

The kitchen is another popular space to add recessed lighting, as it pairs well with other types of kitchen lighting like chandeliers and tube lights. When adding recessed lighting to a kitchen in a new build, homeowners can expect to pay between $200 and $300 per light. Adding recessed lighting to an existing kitchen costs between $450 and $650 per light.

Adding recessed lighting to basements costs the same as adding lighting to a living room or kitchen. Closet recessed lighting costs between $250 and $350 per light in a new build and between $500 and $700 per light for existing spaces.

Bathroom lighting is a bit more expensive because wet-rated lights are required. This increases the range for lighting in new construction to between $275 and $375 per light, while adding recessed lighting to an existing bathroom can cost as much as $725 per light. The cost to install recessed lighting in a bedroom is the same price as it would be for a bathroom.

Ceiling material can be a factor when determining the installation cost of recessed can lights. However, homeowners should keep in mind that whats more influential is whether or not a ceiling is present at all. New-construction installs will always cost less than installations in an existing home.

With that being said, different ceiling materials can cause fluctuations in installation cost. Ceilings made out of drywall are easy to cut into and easy to repair if needed. Ceilings made of wood, especially hardwoods, can be more difficult to work with and incur a higher labor cost.

Ceilings with detailed textures or designs, such as shiplap or tray ceilings, will take a bit more planning and finesse to execute a proper recessed lighting layout. This can boost the final installation cost as well.

Labor costs can vary depending on the difficulty of the installation. It should be noted that installing recessed lights is easiest during new construction and less likely to incur high labor costs.

Under typical conditions, labor costs involve cutting a mounting hole, adding or modifying wire from an existing switch (after safe amperage has been verified), connecting the light fixture, securing the wiring, and placing the trim. Hiring an electrician to install recessed lights will cost between $85 and $105 per hour, and it typically takes about 2.5 hours to install each fixture.

No two recessed lighting installations are the same. Besides the more common cost-influencing factors listed above, there are additional costs and considerations homeowners should consider.

When it comes to recessed lighting installation, the following can be major contributors to fluctuating costs.

Installing can lights during an initial build is easier for contractors. This automatically makes new-construction installations more affordable than existing-home installs.

In fact, recessed lighting can cost 40 percent to 50 percent less during new construction than it would for an existing home. This is because the ceiling is still open and contractors dont have to worry about cutting into drywall or making sure theres enough space to access the install site from above. Additionally, since rewiring or updating circuit breakers isnt part of a new-construction job, the cost will be less.

While adding recessed lighting to an existing home can look great in the end, this type of install tends to be messier, more difficult, and more expensive compared to what it would cost with new construction.

Add ambiance to your home with recessed lighting

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Its more common to have recessed lighting indoors than outdoors. This is because recessed lights are only installed in ceilings. When it comes to the cost of installing indoor recessed lighting, the price is affected by housing type, trim type, color, and where the lighting is being installed in the homes layout.

But when it comes to comparing indoor and outdoor recessed lighting, homeowners should know that the cost can be a bit more expensive for outdoor lighting. There are fewer ideal locations for outdoor recessed lighting, but common areas include porch ceilings or beneath an overhang. Recessed lights are also sometimes installed around the top of a home or even on one or both sides of a window.

Wet-rated recessed lighting is the safest option. Per can, outdoor recessed lighting costs between $305 and $550. The good news is that in most cases, fewer lights are needed outdoors. Therefore, the overall cost of the job can be quite affordable while offering a strong boost in curb appeal.

A permit wont be required if an old fixture is being replaced with a recessed light. But if a new circuit is being installed, a permit is required since this involves changing the houses wiring.

Permits can cost between $50 and $500; the price is determined by the local municipality and the scope of the project. Assuming theyre registered with the city, a hired electrician can typically tell during a quick survey of the jobsite whether a permit will be required or not.

Drywall repair is common in existing-home installs. Its less likely to be an issue when theres enough space above an install site, such as a second floor or attic, but it can still affect the overall installation price. When electricians need to cut into ceilings or walls to run wiring through, homeowners can expect to pay between $50 and $300 for drywall repair.

If drywall does need to be repaired, its likely that a paint touch-up will be required as well. If this is the case, homeowners can expect to pay between $1 to $3 per square foot to touch up walls and ceilings after a recessed lighting installation.

When homeowners are installing recessed lighting, there are several ways to customize the lights, though this can add to the overall cost of the project. Dimmer switches are a great customization option. By controlling the intensity of recessed lights, homeowners can completely change the function and feeling of a room. They can brightly light up spaces to improve safety, soften the lighting for a relaxing evening with a book, or dim the lights almost entirely for just a bit of ambience during movie night. Adding dimmer switches adds approximately $125 to the project total. Keep in mind that in order to take advantage of a dimmer switch, dimmer bulbs need to be used.

Wall panels are another customization option homeowners can consider. They can include a dimmer switch and standard switches. Depending on how many switches are wired, a wall panel costs between $50 and $100.

Lighting designers can help homeowners create a truly customized look by offering expertise in planning a recessed lighting layout. These pros can help determine how many recessed lights a room needs, how far apart to space them, and offer guidance on temperature, lumens, and directions. A lighting designer charges between $85 and $300 per hour for an in-home consultation.

The housing of a recessed light is the portion of the fixture installed above the ceiling. This is what contains all of the electrical parts, the mounting frame, and the bulb socket. There are many different types of recessed lighting housing, each with its own unique capabilities and price ranges. Homeowners should be aware of the differences in recessed lighting housing to ensure theyre choosing the best type for their installation project. Here are some of the most common types homeowners can consider for their own recessed lighting install.

Want to install recessed lighting in your home?

A pro can take care of that for you. Get free, no-commitment project estimates from services near you.

It can be dangerous to install a recessed light in a space where it will touch insulation. This is where IC-rated housing can be beneficial.

There are two ratings for can lights: IC-rated and non-IC rated. Simply defined, an IC-rated housing makes it safe to install a light where insulation is present. Otherwise, the insulation could melt, warp, or even emit dangerous volatile organic compounds, or VOCs. Using an IC-rated can where necessary can reduce both fire risks and health risks. The cost for an IC-rated can is between $10 and $110.

Non-IC-rated can lights can be used in areas without insulation, but they can also work in spaces with a clearance of 3 inches away from insulation. Its important that a homeowner is absolutely certain of the proper clearance when using a non-IC-rated can light; otherwise, there is the risk of potential fire damage and health issues. This housing type has a cost range of $10 to $150, depending on size and features.

Homeowners can expect to pay between $10 and $130 for an airtight recessed light. The cost varies depending on size and other features. An airtight housing creates a tight seal around a light can and stops air from flowing in between different levels of a home.

This can help with energy efficiency, but it could also be a hindrance; therefore, its important that homeowners understand when an airtight housing is beneficial. A recessed light dropped down from an unfinished attic is an example. Its not ideal to have airflow between a heated room and the unfinished space above. But when a home is partially heated with a wood stove, a homeowner would likely want to avoid an airtight housing to keep the warm air circulating throughout the entire home.

Shallow housing costs between $10 and $150 per can and is ideal for older homes that tend to have tighter spaces. Standard recessed lighting cans rest on average 5 to 6 inches within a ceiling. By comparison, older homes can have ceilings as shallow as 2 inches. For the homeowner of an older home who wants recessed lighting, shallow housing is the solution. This type of can is just the right size to fit into a shallow ceiling.

If a homeowner has been told in the past that their home cant accommodate recessed lighting, they will want to mention shallow housing to their contractor to see if its an option.

One benefit of recessed lighting is that it doesnt block visual lines in a room like floor lamps or chandeliers might. For the homeowner who wants to be sure their recessed lighting is as inconspicuous as possible, a canless housing may be the answer.

This type of housing is installed directly into the ceiling and connected to an existing wiring system. These lights sit completely flush with a ceiling and are more energy efficient than traditional light bulbs. A canless housing costs between $15 and $130 per fixture.

Just as the name suggests, remodel housings are designed for recessed lighting installations in existing homes. Not all homes are built with recessed lighting in mind, so adding this lighting style to an existing build can take a bit more work and finesse. Remodel housing can make it easier. This housing type costs between $15 and $160 per unit.

There are many different types of remodel cans, each with different features, advantages, and limitations. Thats why a homeowner will want to choose a contractor with a strong understanding of installing recessed lighting in existing homes. They can explain each type and make a recommendation based on the homes current layout and homeowners budget.

When a ceiling isnt flat, its considered vaulted. Having a vaulted ceiling doesnt mean recessed lighting cant be utilized, though. It just takes a different type of housing that can be installed at an angle, otherwise known as vaulted ceiling housing.

Vaulted recessed lighting cans cost between $20 and $75 each, making them an affordable option. Homeowners will want to keep in mind that depending on how high the ceiling is and whether there is access above, a contractor may charge more in labor for this type of installation. It can take extra time and caution to install a vaulted ceiling can from below or if there is little clearance above the ceiling.

Wet-rated lights can be used in any room in a home, but theyre ideal for wet or damp areas. This includes bathrooms, kitchens, above showers, outdoor saunas, gazebos, patios, or any outdoor space that needs light. In some cases, wet-rated recessed lights are required for safety reasons. A recessed light with wet-rated housing costs between $20 and $100 per fixture.

This type of housing takes up less space than more traditional lighting options in these spaces. Its also more modern. Since this type of housing is available in LED, fluorescent, dimmable, and halogen options, homeowners arent limited in their design choices. If excess moisture is a concern when installing recessed lighting, wet-rated housing is recommended.

When recessed lighting is part of an initial build, new-construction housing is used. These housings are installed right into the ceiling as the house is built. This type of install offers the most flexibility to a homeowner. New-construction housings cost between $20 and $100 per can, depending on size and features.

Lighting is one of the most overlooked aspects in home decorating, but it can have an enormous effect on how a house looks, feels and functions. Good lighting can make a house feel more welcoming and comfortable, while bad lighting can make it feel dark, depressing, or even unsafe. There are several beneficial reasons for installing recessed lighting that go beyond what a homeowner may think a single switch can do.

Recessed lighting is a great way to highlight certain focal points in a room. When correctly installed, recessed lighting can draw the eye to artwork, architectural elements, or display cabinets. This can bring a rooms design to life. For example, walking into a study with highlighted artwork sets a sophisticated yet inviting tone, while recessed lighting directing the eye to a display cabinet of family photos and heirlooms can make a living space feel more inviting and soulful.

Rooms that look good feel good. So when a rooms visual space is blocked by bulky chandeliers or cut off by oversize floor lamps, it can affect the mood of the room. Recessed lighting improves the visual appeal of a room by not blocking visual lines. This instantly makes a room feel more open and spacious.

With the right lighting temperature, a room can also be more visually appealing. Too-bright lighting can be glaring and off-putting, while a room that is too dark can be unsettling. Recessed lighting, especially when paired with a dimmer switch, can be modified to perfectly match a rooms lighting needs at different times of the day.

Where a centrally installed light fixture may only be able to light up two-thirds or half of a room, properly spaced recessed lighting can light up the entire room. By removing dark corners and unnecessary shadows around furniture and fixtures, recessed lighting makes a dark room feel much bigger once its properly filled with light.

Recessed lighting helps open up space not just visually, but physically. Where hanging lights and floor lamps take up walking and head space, recessed lighting stays out of the way while still illuminating the space.

When all three previous benefits are combined, its easy to see how recessed lighting can increase a homes value. Between helping potential buyers see the purpose of each room and making rooms feel more inviting and spacious, recessed lighting can easily make a once dark and dull home feel more inviting and modern, which can result in higher offers when the house is listed for sale.

Your home can be even more beautifuland valuablewith recessed lighting

A pro can make that happen. Get free, no-commitment project estimates from services near you.

A recessed lighting installation always involves electricity. Anytime someone is working with electricity, theres a risk for injury. Thats why its always recommended that a homeowner reach out to a professional when it comes to any lighting project, including recessed lighting. Unless a homeowner is a certified electrician and knows how to install recessed lighting, this is a project one should never attempt to undertake on their own. But if safety alone isnt enough to convince a homeowner to seek out a pro, here are a few other reasons.

Working with a professional can ensure a job stays on budget. An experienced electrician can provide a detailed quote before a recessed lighting installation. When trying to do the job on their own, a homeowner might run into unexpected expenses that derail their budget. A professional is more likely to spot potential issues before they turn into a money pit. Lighting contractors also have access to all the right tools to get the job done. The cost of buying or renting tools is enough on its own to throw off a homeowners DIY budget.

Professionals are also faster at installations than a novice homeowner. Most professionals can complete an entire installation in a few hours, depending on the scope of the project. Taking a DIY approach is often slower, which can leave a homeowner quite literally sitting in the dark until the job is done.

Finally, a professional has experience that can only be earned through years of on-the-job training. A lighting contractor knows how to plan a recessed lighting layout, whether the circuit breaker needs to be upgraded to accommodate the needed additional power, and can suggest materials that offer both value and style.

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PROVIDENCE, R.I.--(BUSINESS WIRE)--Informa Markets' JLC LIVE Residential Construction Show today announced the launch of its Next Live Presenter Contest, a new competition for highly-skilled industry professionals to join the Building Clinic Crew at JLC LIVE 2023, New Englands must-attend event for residential construction professionals. Leading industry experts demonstrate best-in-class building techniques at building clinics sprinkled throughout the JLC LIVE exhibit halls. The largest component of the exhibit hall, building clinics offer hands-on education on topics ranging from drywall, high performance, air quality, deck building, window installation, stair building and much more. The Next Live Presenter contest will provide a platform for one passionate, skilled industry specialist to join the Building Clinic panel amongst top industry experts including Mike Sloggatt, Myron Ferguson, Ben Bogie, Mike Guertin, Peter Heard and many others, and the opportunity to present at JLC LIVE 2024.

The competition, open now through September 19th, calls for talented construction professionals to upload a short video demonstrating their skills and enthusiasm to earn a spot on the 2023 JLC LIVE Building Clinic team, and become a leading voice in the industry. In addition to the opportunity for nation-wide exposure as a credible and recognized industry voice, the winner will receive a $1,000 cash prize.

Introducing the newly launched JLC LIVE contest creates an opportunity to reach the broader community and access the wide pool of talent that exists beyond New England, providing top industry experts a platform to share their skills and earn recognition, while also connecting them to the regional community. As residential construction professionals adopt new technologies and techniques, their practices are changing and evolving at a constant pace. Thats what were looking to bring to our audience, in the truly-unique setting that JLC LIVE building clinics provide our live presenters are the key. Sue Pino, Show Manager, JLC LIVE.

Participants who think they have what it takes are encouraged to apply here. The top ten online entries will be featured in a Peoples Choice contest, where the JLC LIVE audience will vote for their favorite submissions via social media channels, giving the top ten finalists broad exposure and recognition. The three participants with the most votes will join the Clinic Crew onstage at JLC LIVE New England 2023. Hotel, travel, and registration fees will be covered for the three finalists.

Many talented builders are emerging through social media were excited to see whos interested in raising their hand to join the JLC LIVE team in-person. I think theyll find an audience of real people, who are also engaged and passionate about the trades, far more exciting. Ive been presenting for 22 years, and I still love it! Mike Sloggatt, Lead Presenter, JLC LIVE.

Guidelines for the JLC LIVE Next Live Presenter Contest entry can be found below:

JLC LIVE New England is slated for March 23-25, 2023, with exhibits from March 24-25 at the Rhode Island Convention Center. Sign up here to be notified when registration opens and receive news about the upcoming show. Follow JLC LIVE on social to stay connected.

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Imagery from the 2022 JLC LIVE Building Clinics can be found here.

About JLC LIVE

JLC LIVE events are the most anticipated regional trade events of the year for residential construction. Remodelers, home builders, contractors, and other tradesmen and women learn from the leading industry experts through live, on-floor building clinics, demonstrations, and classroom-style conference sessions. JLC LIVE attendees can expect to see the hottest products, learn the newest building techniques, and expand their professional network through fun, free-to-attend networking events. For more information, please visit http://www.jlclive.com. Register to attend at http://www.jlclive.com/en/register.

About Informa Markets

Informa Markets creates platforms for industries and specialist markets to trade, innovate and grow. Our portfolio comprises more than 550 international B2B events and brands in markets including Engineering, Healthcare & Pharmaceuticals, Infrastructure & Construction, Fashion & Apparel, Hospitality, Food & Beverage, and Health & Nutrition, among others. We provide customers and partners around the globe with opportunities to engage, experience and do business through face-to-face exhibitions, specialist digital content and actionable data solutions. As the world's leading exhibitions organizer, we bring a diverse range of specialist markets to life, unlocking opportunities and helping them to thrive 365 days of the year. For more information, please visit http://www.informamarkets.com

View source version on businesswire.com: https://www.businesswire.com/news/home/20220818005588/en/

Abby PortwoodPR Specialist[emailprotected]

Source: Informa Markets

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JLC LIVE Announces First-Ever 'Next Live' Presenter Contest, Offering Skilled Construction Professionals the Opportunity to Compete for a Leading...

Anyone thats driven past the old Paulina Stearns Hospital on Washington Avenue in Ludington likely would try to imagine how a building that size could handle the numerous medical ills of not just Ludington, but also the larger Mason County community.

In the early 1960s, plans were put into motion to build a new, bigger hospital near the intersection of Jackson Road and U.S. 10/Ludington Avenue. A survey of the property was done in September 1962 in what appeared to be a wooded parcel.

Less than three years later, in May 1965, the official groundbreaking took place with officials cutting the ribbon. In the background, members of the work crew were in their equipment ready to go.

The construction of Memorial Hospital took more than two years. In that time, workers moved earth, laid the foundation, poured concrete and more for the original hospital building.

Months before the grand opening in June 1967, workers were putting the finishing touches on drywall, drop ceilings and more.

The hospitals growth continued, including the most recent expansion in 2012. It also, after decades serving independently, became part of Spectrum Health and rechristened as Spectrum Health Ludington Hospital.

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DUBLIN--(BUSINESS WIRE)--The "Global Cleanroom Technologies Market with COVID-19 Impact, by Product (Fan Filter Units, HVAC, vacuum systems, disinfectants), Construction (Drywall, Hardwall, Softwall), End User (Pharmaceutical, Biotechnology, Medical device manufacturers) - Forecast to 2026" report has been added to ResearchAndMarkets.com's offering.

The cleanroom technologies market is projected to reach USD 9.6 billion by 2026 from USD 7.1 billion in 2021, at a CAGR of 6.2% during the forecast period. The growth of this market is majorly driven by the stringent regulatory framework, growth of the biologics sector, rising demand for sterilized pharmaceutical formulations, increasing demand for medical devices, and technological advancements in cleanroom technology.

Also, the increasing demand in developing economies and the growing focus on energy-efficient cleanrooms are expected to offer significant opportunities for market growth in the coming years. However, the high operational cost associated with the cleanrooms is expected to restrain market growth to a certain extent.

Based on product, the consumables segment holds the largest market share during the forecast period

Based on product, the cleanroom technologies market is segmented into consumables, equipment, and controls. The consumables segment accounted for the larger market share in 2020. The high and growing number of pharmaceutical, biotech, and medical device companies facilitating the use of disposable protective clothing has resulted in the increased adoption of the consumables in the cleanroom technologies market. Also, the large number of R&D activities in the healthcare industry is resulting in a stable demand for cleanroom consumables among end users.

Based on construction type, the hardwall cleanrooms segment is expected to register the highest CAGR during the forecast period

Based on construction type, the cleanroom technologies market is segmented into standard/drywall cleanrooms, hardwall cleanrooms, softwall cleanrooms, and pass-through cabinets. The hardwall cleanrooms segment is expected to witness the highest growth during the forecast period. This is mainly due to the higher demand for hardwall cleanrooms, as they are more design-flexible than standard and softwall cleanrooms, quick and easy to install, freestanding for easy portability, and easy to expand or reconfigure.

The pharmaceutical industry end-user segment accounted for the largest share of the cleanroom technologies market in 2020

Based on end user, the cleanroom technologies market is segmented into the pharmaceutical industry, biotechnology industry, medical device manufacturers, hospitals, and other end users. The pharmaceutical industry end-user segment accounted for the largest share of the market in 2020. This is attributed to the industrial growth in this sector, the robust pipeline of injectable formulations, and rising focus on ensuring the quality of healthcare products.

Asia Pacific is expected to grow at the highest CAGR in the cleanroom technologies market during the forecast period

The cleanroom technologies market in the Asia Pacific is estimated to grow at the highest CAGR during the forecast period. This is due to its favorable government regulations, increasing healthcare expenditure, and the growing base of pharma companies in the country, all of which are driving the adoption of cleanroom solutions in the Asia Pacific.

Market Dynamics

Market Drivers

Market Restraints

Market Challenges

Industry Trends

Key Topics Covered:

1 Introduction

2 Research Methodology

3 Executive Summary

4 Premium Insights

5 Market Overview

6 Cleanroom Technologies Market, by Product

7 Cleanroom Technologies Market, by Construction Type

8 Cleanroom Technologies Market, by End-user

9 Cleanroom Technologies Market, by Region

10 Competitive Landscape

11 Company Profiles

12 Appendix

Companies Mentioned

For more information about this report visit https://www.researchandmarkets.com/r/qfd326

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Global Cleanroom Technologies Market Report 2022: Stringent Regulatory Framework in the Pharmaceutical and Biotechnology Industries is One of the Key...

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United States of AmericaUS Virgin IslandsUnited States Minor Outlying IslandsCanadaMexico, United Mexican StatesBahamas, Commonwealth of theCuba, Republic ofDominican RepublicHaiti, Republic ofJamaicaAfghanistanAlbania, People's Socialist Republic ofAlgeria, People's Democratic Republic ofAmerican SamoaAndorra, Principality ofAngola, Republic ofAnguillaAntarctica (the territory South of 60 deg S)Antigua and BarbudaArgentina, Argentine RepublicArmeniaArubaAustralia, Commonwealth ofAustria, Republic ofAzerbaijan, Republic ofBahrain, Kingdom ofBangladesh, People's Republic ofBarbadosBelarusBelgium, Kingdom ofBelizeBenin, People's Republic ofBermudaBhutan, Kingdom ofBolivia, Republic ofBosnia and HerzegovinaBotswana, Republic ofBouvet Island (Bouvetoya)Brazil, Federative Republic ofBritish Indian Ocean Territory (Chagos Archipelago)British Virgin IslandsBrunei DarussalamBulgaria, People's Republic ofBurkina FasoBurundi, Republic ofCambodia, Kingdom ofCameroon, United Republic ofCape Verde, Republic ofCayman IslandsCentral African RepublicChad, Republic ofChile, Republic ofChina, People's Republic ofChristmas IslandCocos (Keeling) IslandsColombia, Republic ofComoros, Union of theCongo, Democratic Republic ofCongo, People's Republic ofCook IslandsCosta Rica, Republic ofCote D'Ivoire, Ivory Coast, Republic of theCyprus, Republic ofCzech RepublicDenmark, Kingdom ofDjibouti, Republic ofDominica, Commonwealth ofEcuador, Republic ofEgypt, Arab Republic ofEl Salvador, Republic ofEquatorial Guinea, Republic ofEritreaEstoniaEthiopiaFaeroe IslandsFalkland Islands (Malvinas)Fiji, Republic of the Fiji IslandsFinland, Republic ofFrance, French RepublicFrench GuianaFrench PolynesiaFrench Southern TerritoriesGabon, Gabonese RepublicGambia, Republic of theGeorgiaGermanyGhana, Republic ofGibraltarGreece, Hellenic RepublicGreenlandGrenadaGuadaloupeGuamGuatemala, Republic ofGuinea, RevolutionaryPeople's Rep'c ofGuinea-Bissau, Republic ofGuyana, Republic ofHeard and McDonald IslandsHoly See (Vatican City State)Honduras, Republic ofHong Kong, Special Administrative Region of ChinaHrvatska (Croatia)Hungary, Hungarian People's RepublicIceland, Republic ofIndia, Republic ofIndonesia, Republic ofIran, Islamic Republic ofIraq, Republic ofIrelandIsrael, State ofItaly, Italian RepublicJapanJordan, Hashemite Kingdom ofKazakhstan, Republic ofKenya, Republic ofKiribati, Republic ofKorea, Democratic People's Republic ofKorea, Republic ofKuwait, State ofKyrgyz RepublicLao People's Democratic RepublicLatviaLebanon, Lebanese RepublicLesotho, Kingdom ofLiberia, Republic ofLibyan Arab JamahiriyaLiechtenstein, Principality ofLithuaniaLuxembourg, Grand Duchy ofMacao, Special Administrative Region of ChinaMacedonia, the former Yugoslav Republic ofMadagascar, Republic ofMalawi, Republic ofMalaysiaMaldives, Republic ofMali, Republic ofMalta, Republic ofMarshall IslandsMartiniqueMauritania, Islamic Republic ofMauritiusMayotteMicronesia, Federated States ofMoldova, Republic ofMonaco, Principality ofMongolia, Mongolian People's RepublicMontserratMorocco, Kingdom ofMozambique, People's Republic ofMyanmarNamibiaNauru, Republic ofNepal, Kingdom ofNetherlands AntillesNetherlands, Kingdom of theNew CaledoniaNew ZealandNicaragua, Republic ofNiger, Republic of theNigeria, Federal Republic ofNiue, Republic ofNorfolk IslandNorthern Mariana IslandsNorway, Kingdom ofOman, Sultanate ofPakistan, Islamic Republic ofPalauPalestinian Territory, OccupiedPanama, Republic ofPapua New GuineaParaguay, Republic ofPeru, Republic ofPhilippines, Republic of thePitcairn IslandPoland, Polish People's RepublicPortugal, Portuguese RepublicPuerto RicoQatar, State ofReunionRomania, Socialist Republic ofRussian FederationRwanda, Rwandese RepublicSamoa, Independent State ofSan Marino, Republic ofSao Tome and Principe, Democratic Republic ofSaudi Arabia, Kingdom ofSenegal, Republic ofSerbia and MontenegroSeychelles, Republic ofSierra Leone, Republic ofSingapore, Republic ofSlovakia (Slovak Republic)SloveniaSolomon IslandsSomalia, Somali RepublicSouth Africa, Republic ofSouth Georgia and the South Sandwich IslandsSpain, Spanish StateSri Lanka, Democratic Socialist Republic ofSt. HelenaSt. Kitts and NevisSt. LuciaSt. Pierre and MiquelonSt. Vincent and the GrenadinesSudan, Democratic Republic of theSuriname, Republic ofSvalbard & Jan Mayen IslandsSwaziland, Kingdom ofSweden, Kingdom ofSwitzerland, Swiss ConfederationSyrian Arab RepublicTaiwan, Province of ChinaTajikistanTanzania, United Republic ofThailand, Kingdom ofTimor-Leste, Democratic Republic ofTogo, Togolese RepublicTokelau (Tokelau Islands)Tonga, Kingdom ofTrinidad and Tobago, Republic ofTunisia, Republic ofTurkey, Republic ofTurkmenistanTurks and Caicos IslandsTuvaluUganda, Republic ofUkraineUnited Arab EmiratesUnited Kingdom of Great Britain & N. IrelandUruguay, Eastern Republic ofUzbekistanVanuatuVenezuela, Bolivarian Republic ofViet Nam, Socialist Republic ofWallis and Futuna IslandsWestern SaharaYemenZambia, Republic ofZimbabwe

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Gibson Gleanings: 'Stay Warm, Safe and Dry' contractors available to help - Conway Daily Sun