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Vladimir. Cathedral of the Dormition, southwest view. May 26, 1997

The fortified settlement of Vladimir was established in 1108 on the high left bank of the Klyazma River by Vladimir Monomakh, who ruled as Grand Prince in Kiev from 1113 to 1125. With his guidance, Vladimir and the surrounding settlements became a center of political and economic power in the lands of the eastern Slavs. In the second half of the 12th century, Monomakhs descendants Andrey Bogoliubovo and Vsevolod III supported a surge in church construction with a form of limestone known as white stone, quarried down the Volga River in the territory of the Bulgars.

Vladimir panorama. View north from right bank of Klyazma River. Center left (in circle): Red brick City Council Building (partially visible). Upper right: Dormition Cathedral. Summer 1911

In Summer 1911, the Russian chemist and photographer Sergei Prokudin-Gorsky visited Vladimir as part of his work to chronicle the diversity of the Russian Empire in the beginning of the 20th century. My own photographic work in Vladimir spanned a period from 1972 to 2009, almost a century later.

Prokudin-Gorskys several photographs of Vladimir include two remarkable panoramic views with a steep hill crowned by the golden-domed 12th-century Dormition Cathedral, symbol of religious and political authority in the ancient Russian heartland. Both photographs were taken from the opposite (right) bank of the Klyazma River, a triburary of the Oka River, which in turn flows into the Volga.

Vladimir City Council (duma) building. July 28, 2009

The foreground of the closer view shows a quiet inlet that served as a beach and includes what appears to be a wooden bathing shed on the right side. Today, this quiet refuge is completely overgrownand the quality of the Klyazma water is perhaps less conducive to bathing. On the far side of the river, the tree-covered ascent to the left in Prokudin-Gorskys photograph was dotted with houses, as it is today.

At the top of the ridge (known as studenaia gora, or cold hill), there is a partially obscured red brick building with two turrets. This former building of the town council (duma) was constructed in 1906-07 in a Russian Revival style that imitated 17th-century decorative details. In the early 1930s, a two-story addition was attached to the south side, and the structure was adapted for use as a Palace of Pioneers (the Soviet equivalent of Scouts). Since 2008, the building has been designated House of Friendship, which organizes events for visiting delegations.

Bell tower & Dormition Cathedral. Northwest view from Kozlov Rampart across ravine. May 28, 1998

The dominant feature of the photograph, however, is the peak of the hill with the Dormition Cathedral sitting atop it like a crown. It should be noted from the outset that this part of Prokudin-Gorskys view is now blocked by a high arched concrete highway bridge across the river. The hulking multi-story wooden house perched on the crest also has long since been removed, thus preserving the pristine ambience of the UNESCO-listed cathedral.

This sublime monument is one of the most important shrines in all Russia and served as the model for the Cathedral of the Dormition at the center of the Moscow Kremlin (1470s). Construction of the cathedral was intiated in 1158 by Grand Prince Andrey Bogoliubsky, ruler of a vast expanse of northeast Rus, as the territory of the Eastern Slavs was called.

Cathedral of the Dormition, main portal, carved stone arches. July 18, 2009

The plan of the Dormition Cathedral involves an elongated dome-centered form, typical of large churches in Kiev and Novgorod during this period. The source of its skilled masonry work remains unclear. The Laurentian chronicle mentions the bringing of masters from "all lands," and there are later references to Nemtsi, or "Germans"a term broadly used for foreigners. It has been proposed that the artisans were sent to Andrey Bogoliubsky by Frederick Barbarossa.

Left: Cathedral of the Dormition. West facade, carved console block. October 7, 1979. Right: Cathedral of the Dormition. West facade, carved console block. July 18, 2009

If certain features of the Dormition Cathedralsuch as the perspective portals and decorative stoneworksuggest Romanesque influence from the Catholic West, the basic plan remained in the tradition of Byzantine dome-centered church architecture as adapted in early medieval Rus.

After a fire in 1185 that destroyed much of Vladimir and severely damaged the cathedral, Andreys half-brother, Vsevolod III, commanded its reconstruction in a greatly expanded, more complex form. The rebuilding took place in the relatively short period of 1185-90.

Dormition Cathedral. Northeast view with apse. Summer 1911

Vsevolod's master builders dismantled attached galleries, but retained the walls of the orginal structure, weakened by fire, as the core of the new cathedral. The plan was increased by an aisle added to the north, west and south sides. The new exterior walls reached two stories, but not the full height of the original structure. The relation between the old and the new was thus ingeniously preserved in the rebuilt structure.

Dormition Cathedral, apse, northeast view. Right: East wall of Church of St. George. June 19, 1994

The new facades were marked at mid-level by an arcade frieze with accents of carved ornament visible in my detail photographs. Some of the decorative stonework on the north and south walls was transferred from the original cathedral walls. The cathedral reached its grand culmination with a main dome flanked by four secondary domes on the diagonals.

Dormition Cathedral, apse, northeast view. Right: East wall of Church of St. George. June 19, 1994

Prokudin-Gorsky also took a view of the cathedrals east side, which is defined by a three-part apse rebuilt by Vsevolod with expanded dimensions. As usual in Russian Orthodox tradition, the central part of the apse contained the main altar.

Less than a half-century after the completion of the Dormition Cathedral, the Vladimir principality was overwhelmed by the Mongol invasion of Rus. Despite these cataclysmic events, the superbly engineered Dormition Cathedral survived.

Vladimir panorama. View east down right bank of Klyazma River. Upper left: Dormition Cathedral (partially obscured). Center: Church of Women bearing Myrrh (demolished) & Church of the Dormition (in circle). Summer 1911

Vladimir was sacked again by a large Tatar raid in 1408, during which the cathedral was ransacked and its roof damaged. Two renowned painters, Andrei Rublev and Daniil Chorny, were brought to redo the interior. Fragments of Rublevs frescoes have survived in the west part of the cathedral and depict the Last Judgement.

During a visit to Vladimir in 1767, Empress Catherine the Great was taken by the Dormition Cathedral, and personally supported its renovation. Although well-intentioned, changes effected in this and subsequent decades disfigured the cathedrals appearance.

In 1810, a large bell tower was erected just to the north, and in 1862, a church dedicated to St. George was designed by Nicholas Artleben in a Gothic Revival style to fill the space between the bell tower and cathedrals north faade. These additions created a new perspective on the ensemble from the north, facing the towns main street (Moscow Street).

Comprehensive, informed restoration work in the 1880s eliminated most of the distortions made during the preceding century and uncovered a major part of Andrei Rublevs frescoes. Another prolonged restoration phase concluded in the early 1980s.

Church of the Dormition, northeast view. March 6, 1972

In 1992, the Dormition Cathedral was included in the UNESCO World Heritage List. Responsibility for this defining cultural and historical monument is now shared between the Vladimir-Suzdal Museum Preserve and the Diocese of Vladimir, for which it serves as the main cathedral.

Vladimir panorama. View east from water tower near Dormition Cathdral. Center left: Church of Women Bearing Myrrh (demolished), Church of the Dormition (in circle). Right (in circle): Distillery. Summer 1911

The cathedral figures in yet another of Prokudin-Gorskys dramatic panoramas, a sweeping east view taken from the very edge of the Klyazma a bit farther upriver from the preceding panorama. Here the medieval shrine is partially obscured by the large wooden building (demolished), and the entire vista is now obscured by the highway bridge mentioned earlier.

With so many changes, this photograph is particularly important as a historical record. For example, the slender church with bell tower at the base of the hill in the center was built in 1776 and consecrated to the Women Bearing Myrrh (who discovered the empty tomb of Christs resurrection). In 1929, this church, located near the main railway station, was demolished. Its site is now marked by a simple brick chapel.

Distillery. July 18, 2009

Barely visible in the east distance, however, are the domes of yet another church, dedicated to the Dormition. Now used by a parish of Orthodox dissenters known as Old Believers, this festive structure was built in 1644-49 and is Vladimirs best example of an ornamental style that flourished in the mid-17th century. My photograph, taken in a winter sunset, conveys the poetry of this distinctively Russian decorative display.

In the early 20th century the Russian photographer Sergei Prokudin-Gorsky devised a complex process for color photography. Between 1903 and 1916 he traveled through the Russian Empire and took over 2,000 photographs with the process, which involved three exposures on a glass plate. In August 1918, he left Russia and ultimately resettled in France where he was reunited with a large part of his collection of glass negatives, as well as 13 albums of contact prints. After his death in Paris in 1944, his heirs sold the collection to the Library of Congress. In the early 21st century the Library digitized the Prokudin-Gorsky Collection and made it freely available to the global public. A few Russian websites now have versions of the collection. In 1986 the architectural historian and photographer William Brumfield organized the first exhibit of Prokudin-Gorsky photographs at the Library of Congress. Over a period of work in Russia beginning in 1970, Brumfield has photographed most of the sites visited by Prokudin-Gorsky.This series of articles juxtaposes Prokudin-Gorskys views of architectural monuments with photographs taken by Brumfield decades later.

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The resplendent cathedal of Vladimir on the Klyazma River - Russia Beyond

LOWER MAKEFIELD >> The board of supervisors is scheduled to vote in November on a final design for the Sandy Run Road project and will either bid the project at its second meeting in November or its first meeting in December.

Michael Baker International Inc., which was hired by the township in May to design the project, is expected to make a formal presentation at either the November 4 or 18 meeting.

The goal is to authorize this for bid before the end of the year with construction in the spring, said Township Manager Kurt Ferguson.

The proposed project is designed to reopen Sandy Run Road to right turns in and right turns out at Edgewood Road by building two mini-roundabouts - one at Schuyler Drive and one at Mill Road - that would allow Sandy Run traffic to double back without having to take a two mile detour or make an illegal u-turn.

Township traffic engineer Joe Fiocco from SAFE Highway Engineering LLC of Trevosehas estimated engineering and construction of the roundabouts and the barriers at about $540,000, considerably cheaper than a previous engineering plan that called for shifting the Sandy Run Road intersection to the west.

The approach to this is novel and I am impressed by it, said Supervisor John Lewis last December. And I hope that it passes muster as it moves forward.

In addition to allowing Sandy Run Road traffic to double back, Fiocco said the roundabouts would act as a traffic calming measure and slow traffic down to 25 mph - the minimum speed needed to allow traffic to safely make left turns in and out of Sandy Run Road at Edgewood.

If we get that speed down to 25 we could consider this a permanent solution, said Fiocco.

The goal, said Township Manager Kurt Ferguson, is to have construction of the project completed in the spring and Sandy Run reopened sometime next year.

For safety reasons, the township closed Sandy Run between Reading Avenue and Edgewood Road in January 2017 after a site inspection determined there was insufficient sight and stopping distance at the intersection of Sandy Run and Edgewood Roads due to changes at the nearby railroad crossing.

Since then, the township has been working with its professionals to find a workable solution to reopen the road.

As part of that process, the engineers, working with the township, reviewed and vetted more than 25 potential solutions.

In June 2018, the supervisors took action on two fronts to address the Sandy Run Road closure, which has caused inconvenience and headaches for local residents for three years now.

On the legal side, the supervisors voted 5-0 to authorize counsel to move forward with litigation against any party that might be held legally responsible for the road closure and the cost to remedy the problem..

The supervisors also voted 5-0 in 2018 to authorize its traffic engineer to look at two options to fix the problem - shifting the Sandy Run Road intersection to the west to create greater sight distance and building permanent chicanes to slow traffic on Edgewood - or the alternative, ending Sandy Run in a cul-du-sac near Edgewood Road.

The latest, less costly plan for mini-roundabouts was proposed in December by the townships new traffic engineer. It has since been vetted by the townships Citizens Traffic Advisory Board, which unanimously recommended that the supervisors move forward with the idea.

In other business, township engineer Andrew Pockl announced that a multimodal grant application has officially been submitted to the state to fund construction of a bike path on Woodside Road from Makefield Highlands Golf Course to Taylorsville Road.

At Taylorsville Road, the path will connect to a new path on Woodside Road that will eventually provide bicycle and pedestrian access to the new Scudder Falls Bridge via a ramp connector now under construction.

Pockl also announced that he is in the process of reviewing plans submitted for Prickett Preserve at Edgewood, a mixed use development project proposed for land on Stony Hill Road across from Shady Brook Farm.

Also at the meeting, the supervisors approved a development agreement for Heartis Senior Living, a new independent, assisted living and memory care facility tentatively scheduled to open its doors at Dobry and Oxford Valley Roads just to the north of Big Oak Road.

To address the concerns of neighboring residents, the developer has agreed to lower the lighting levels in its parking area. They are also working on installing shields over lights on the side of the building that are projecting out toward the driveway, according to Pockl.

While the supervisors approved Heartis, they voted unanimously to oppose a request before the zoning hearing board for a special exception that would allow a bed and breakfast or boarding house to operate at 3 Ridge Avenue. The request is being made by property owner Gene Augustin.

An Edgehill Gardens resident urged the supervisors to oppose the request. We did not move here to have a multi-family-type residence in our neighborhood, she said.

Christian Hoover, from Greenway Avenue, also urged opposition. If this is granted, which limits up to 10 people, Gene will stuff this house with 20 people.

The hearing is scheduled for October 20 beginning at 7:30 p.m. via Zoom.

In other action, the supervisors approved signage designating preserved township land on Oxford Valley Road in honor of Katharine Burke.

When she was 14, Burke attended a Board of Supervisors meeting to implore the board to preserve the 26 acres of wetland and woods. At the time, the board was considering selling 8.6 acres of the property to the neighboring Bible Fellowship Church, now Riverstone Church, for parking.

Reading from a passage from Dr. Seuss The Lorax, Burke stood before the board and said, I speak for the trees. Unless someone like you cares a whole awful lot, things arent going to get better. Theyre not.

The supervisors also approved a banner on Heacock Road across from McCaffreys Market recognizing Kays Day, the birthday of Kayden Mancuso, and to raise awareness of child safety and domestic violence awareness.

Looking ahead, the supervisors have scheduled a special meeting for Wednesday, Oct. 28 beginning at 6:30 p.m. Ferguson will present the townships draft budget for 2021 at the meeting.

In other township news, Monica Tierney, the director of parks and recreation, announced that this years Veterans Day Parade will not be held due to the ongoing pandemic.

In its place, the township will hold a small ceremony that will be broadcast live on social media and cable TV on November 7 beginning at 1 pm. Residents may also chose to attend in person, but should wear masks and be prepared to social distance.

Also on November 7, the EAC is looking for volunteers to help plant more than 120 trees at Patterson Farm. Watch the townships FaceBook page for details on how to sign up.

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Lower Makefield Supervisors expected to approve final design for Sandy Run Road fix by year's end - Bucks Local News

October 12, 2020

LUMBERTON In a surprise move Monday, Chairman Sammy Cox Jr. announced his resignation from the Robeson Community College board of trustees, bringing two decades of service to an end.

Its been a great ride, Cox said. I feel like its time for me to move on.

Cox made the announcement during the boards regular meeting by reading aloud his letter of resignation, which is effective Thursday. His formal resignation notice now must be submitted to the Robeson County Board of Commissioners, which appointed Cox chairman of the RCC board in July 2019.

In his letter, Cox said he will focus on his family and his health during his retirement.

My wife has been telling for the past nine years that I needed to retire, Cox said. Im looking forward to total retirement.

At 21 years, Cox is the board of trustees longest-serving member. He was a student in the colleges Basic Law Enforcement Training program in 1975, and went on to teach in that program. He received naming rights for the colleges BLET building in 2018 after he donated $100,000 to the program. The building bears the name Sammy Cox Law Enforcement Center.

You dont serve 21 years on a board without caring about the institution, trustee Kyle Chavis said.

Bosco Locklear said hes only been on the board a few months but has known Cox for 40 years.

Youve certainly been a great leader, Locklear said to Cox. I thank you for all the years youve put in here.

Trustee Audrey Hunt spoke of the support Cox has given to the institution over the years.

Its going to be a great loss for the college, Hunt said.

Cox said he feels confident in the colleges leadership, the people who do the brunt of the work.

I think Im leaving it in good hands. You have excellent leaders, Cox said.

Because of the abrupt nature of Coxs announcement, the meeting was recessed until 6 p.m. Thursday to give the boards attorney time to review the proper procedures for replacing a chairman who has resigned.

Also Monday, the trustees got a look at some of the negative effects COVID-19 has had during the first quarter of the academic year. Steven Hunt, vice president of Workforce Development and Continuing Education, said that when the school year began enrollment in Continuing Education exceeded its projected 39.5 full-time equivalents by posting 61.67 full-time equivalents.

When I saw that number for the first month of the year, I was really excited in the midst of COVID, and then I got a wake-up call come August, Hunt said.

In August, the college only met 52 of the projected full-time equivalents, Hunt said.

Were roughly about 45 FTEs off the first quarter, Hunt said. Thats actually money.

Hunt said 45 FTEs represents a loss of about $175,000.

Were going to be short almost 200 to 210 FTE per year if COVID continues the way it is now, Hunt said.

To combat the loss, his office is trying to run as many programs as possible, Hunt said.

COVID is affecting the community college, Hunt said.

This is why the college will hold a special Winter Session that will run from Nov. 30 to Dec. 29, said Melissa Singler, RCC president.

Although COVID-19 has negatively affected enrollment it has pushed more people to give, according to Rebekah Lowry, director of Foundation and Development.

Lowry told the trustees that the Campus Fund Drive has seen a 86% increase in giving from 2019. The drive is when employees donate either a one-time gift or a payroll deduction gift to the Foundation for student scholarships. This year, $33,415 was donated to the Foundation.

Our employees dug deep, and they gave and they made history this year, Lowry said.

Lowry also told board members that the 36th annual Clifford Bullard Memorial Tournament broke earnings records. A net gain of $37,500 was raised for the colleges Foundation, beating the colleges record of $28,829.

In Building and Grounds business, Steven Hunt told the trustees that the price tag for getting the college in compliance with the Americans with Disabilities Act is about $825,000.

To be in compliance the college must repave the parking lot, update bathrooms and add Braille and handicap signage throughout the campus. The project is to be completed within seven years.

Hunt also said that sooner rather than later the college will need to replace the roof shingles on Building No. 13 with seamless medal to prevent leaks. The project is estimated to cost $600,000.

The trustees also learned that instead of holding its annual Made in Robeson Day event, the college will make videos highlighting manufacturers and industrial programs at the college. The videos will be given to the Public Schools of Robeson County to be distributed to students.

Eric Freeman, director of the EMS program, gave a presentation on the Computed Tomography program, which began in August. The program is a modality added to the radiography program.

The trustees also reaffirmed its mission statement which reads, Robeson Community College provides opportunities for academic, technical, and life-long learning in a collaborative culture dedicated to inquiry, results, and excellence.

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Church events - The Robesonian

I-95 Southbound

Exit 133 (Route 17) Traffic Shift to New Overpass

Tuesday Wednesday, 7 p.m. 2 p.m., Single lane closure at 7 p.m. south of Exit 136 (Centreport Parkway) and will continue to the Rappahannock River bridge.Double lane closures at 9 p.m. Traffic will be reduced to a single southbound lane until 2 p.m. Wednesday. Lane closures are needed for 19 consecutive hours of milling, paving and lane striping to shift all southbound traffic onto a new interstate overpass that spans Route 17. Between midnight and 3 a.m., there may be full intermittent traffic stops. All I-95 southbound traffic may be stopped up to 30 minutes at a time to allow crews to move large pieces of equipment within the work zone.

Tuesday, Oct. 13 Wednesday, Oct. 14

7 p.m. Single lane closure

9 p.m. Double lane closure

Midnight 3 a.m. Intermittent, full traffic stops up to 30 minutes

3 a.m. 2 p.m. Double lane closure

2 p.m. All southbound lanes open

When all lanes reopen, traffic will be traveling over the new overpass in the median of I-95, which will carry the future through travel lanes as part of the I-95 Southbound Rappahannock River Crossing. Expect major delays with this work zone. I-95 southbound travelers are strongly encouraged to choose an alternate route to avoid delays, especially for destinations outside the Fredericksburg area.

Click here watch a simulation video of this new traffic pattern.

Exit 136 (Centreport Parkway to Exit 133 (Route 17)

Wednesday Friday, 9 p.m. 10 a.m. and Friday Saturday, 10 p.m. 7 a.m. Lane closures and a traffic diversion on the schedule below for bridge beam placement for the future Truslow Road overpass, which is being built as part of the I-95 Express Lanes Fredericksburg Extension.

Wednesday, Oct. 14 Thursday, Oct. 15

9 p.m. Single lane closure

10 p.m. Double lane closure, with single lane of traffic diverted into temporary median lane for beam placement. View an online graphic of this traffic pattern.

4:30 a.m. Two lanes open

10 a.m. All lanes open

Thursday, Oct. 15 Friday, Oct. 16

9 p.m. Single lane closure

10 p.m. Double lane closure, with single lane of traffic diverted into temporary median lane 4:30 a.m. Two lanes open

10 a.m. All lanes open

Friday, Oct. 16 Saturday, Oct. 17

10 p.m. 7 a.m. Single lane closure

I-95 Northbound

Exit 140 (Courthouse Road)

Wednesday Thursday, 9:30 a.m. 3:30 p.m. Single lane closure near the interchange for various construction activities as part of the I-95 Express Lanes Fredericksburg Extension.

I-95 Northbound and I-95 Southbound

Exit 104 (Carmel Church)

Tuesday Wednesday, 8 p.m. 6 a.m. Single lane closures for mobile operation for restriping.

Stafford County

Route 1 Northbound

Monday Friday, 9 a.m. 3 p.m. Single right lane closure on Route 1 northbound between Centreport Parkway and Potomac Creek Lane for the bridge replacement project.

Route 607 (Deacon Road)

Monday Saturday, 9 a.m. 7 p.m. and 7 p.m. 6 a.m. Daytime milling and paving, and overnight pavement marking and traffic signal detection equipment work. Expect travel delays. Alternating, single lane closures on Deacon Road between Route 218 (White Oak Road/Butler Road) and Brooke Road. Motorists may experience a temporary rough driving surface on the milled sections.

Route 610 (GarrisonvilleRoad)

Sunday Monday, 7 p.m. 5 a.m.and Thursday Friday, 7 p.m. 5 a.m. Traffic signal work at various intersections on Route 610 between Salisbury Drive and I-95 ramps. Virginia State Police will assist with traffic control.

Hospital Center Boulevard

Wednesday Thursday, 9:30 a.m. 3:30 p.m. and Friday, 9:30 a.m. 2 p.m.Single lane closures on Hospital Center Boulevard between Route 1 and Austin Ridge Drive. Crews will be taking soil samples as part of the 95 Express Lanes Fredericksburg Extension.

Old Courthouse Road

Wednesday Thursday,, 9:30 a.m. 3:30 p.m. and Friday, 9:30 a.m. 2 p.m. Single lane closures on Old Courthouse Road between Route 1 and Hospital Center Boulevard. Crews will be taking soil samples as part of the 95 Express Lanes Fredericksburg Extension.

Wyche Road

Wednesday Thursday,, 9:30 a.m. 3:30 p.m. and Friday, 9:30 a.m. 2 p.m. Single lane and turn lane closures on Wyche Road at the Hospital Center Boulevard and Courthouse Road intersection. Crews will be taking soil samples as part of the 95 Express Lanes Fredericksburg Extension.

Routine Maintenance

Tuesday Friday, 7 a.m. 4 p.m. Stay alert for mobile lane closures. Crews will perform routine maintenance activities at the following locations:

City of Fredericksburg

Wicklow Drive

Monday Friday, through late October 2020. Large trucks (up to 180 feet long) with follow cars will be coming in and out of Wicklow Drive from Fall Hill Avenue to deliver bridge beams for the new I-95 Southbound Rappahannock River Crossing bridge. These deliveries will take place mid-afternoon a few days a week. While these deliveries are not expected to cause any traffic stops or impacts greater than the current construction activities taking place, residents and travelers should be aware of increased traffic on Wicklow Drive and the potential for delays as trucks pass.

City of Fredericksburg and Spotsylvania County

Route 3 Westbound

Sunday Friday, 9 p.m. 5 a.m.,Friday Saturday, 10 p.m. 9 a.m. Milling and paving on Route 3 westbound at Gateway Boulevard and progress west to Bragg Road. Drivers may experience a temporary rough driving surface and overnight delays with single lane closures within the mobile work zone.

Spotsylvania County

Route 3

Sunday Thursday, 7 p.m. 7 a.m., Alternating, single lane closures on Route 3 at the bridge over Wilderness Run for bridge repairs.

Route 208 (Courthouse Road) Northbound

Sunday Friday, 9 p.m. 5 a.m. and Friday Saturday, 10 p.m. 9 a.m. Milling and paving. Alternating single lane closures on Route 208 (Courthouse Road) northbound between Crown Grant Drive and the bridge over I-95. Motorists may experience a temporary rough driving surface on the milled sections.

Routine Maintenance

Tuesday Friday, 7 a.m. 4 p.m. Stay alert for mobile lane closures. Crews will perform routine maintenance activities at the following locations:

Caroline County

Routine Maintenance

Tuesday Friday, 7 a.m. 3:30 p.m. Stay alert for mobile lane closures. Crews will perform routine maintenance activities at the following locations:

King George County

Route 206 (Dahlgren Road)

Sunday Thursday, 7 p.m. 7 a.m. Bridge repairs. Alternating, one-way traffic over Williams Creek, which is located east of the Route 301 intersection.

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Road work in the area next week - Fredericksburg Today

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In the cruelest of ironies, while Hurricane Delta drenchedthe Gulf Coast this weekend,there's noteven a drizzle to slowaclimate change-induced California wildfirelarger than the size of Rhode Island that rages on as you read this.

Explodingto more than a blazing million active acres this past week, the August Complex, in its two months of unremitting fury, has reached "gigafire" status, the first in California's modern history. Overall, ithas lost fourmillion acres representing about 4% of the entire state, double the previous annual record in a place where the wildfire season is now three months longer than in the 1970s.

The personal loss out westfor many cannot be overestimated, but the immense inferno's impacts have consequencesacross the continent to this coast.

Strawberries, lettuce and wine may be among the hardest expected to be hit with costs orshortage while government agenciesare monitoring agriculture and other commodities, such as almonds, avocados,cauliflower, broccoliand honey. Butthe big ticket item in growth and development appears to be lumber.

More: In the Know: Triggered by pandemic, record home buying eruption not subsiding; fancy poker operation debuts at former dog track land

And: In the Know: Plans for an Elon Musk-inspired 700 mph Hyperloop bullet train for Southwest Florida and an Aldi alert

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With factors such as the surging pandemic-fueled demand for Southwest Florida homes, we hadalready been experiencing escalatingprices for domicilesand other structures prior to the Golden State's summer of ferocious flames.

"The rising lumber prices are exacerbating the cost of purchasing a home, and wildfires can only increase that impact,"said Brian Alford, Florida director of market analytics for real estate research gurus, CoStar Group.

The evolving circumstances are being followed byJohn Boyd Jr. of The Boyd Company, an international corporate site selection firm that tracks global development trends in working with dozens of Sunshine Stateand worldwide clients such asBoeing, Dell, The World Bank, Samsung and UPS for more than 45 years.

John Boyd Jr., principal with The Boyd Company, Inc.(Photo: LAUREN PETRACCA/Staff)

"We are seeing the California wildfires driving building costs even higher," Boyd said."The wildfires have pushed lumber prices up 50%, and the average price for a new home up by $16,000."

And timberis a key piece to the housing puzzle, according to Southwest Florida's ever-expanding LSI Companies, which has been providingservices and consulting tohomebuilders, developers, landowners and investors for the past two decades.

"Framing and trusses comprise approximately 16% of a home cost. It's one of the largest components of a homes construction, second only to interior finishes at roughly 25% and land lot at 18 to 20%," said JustinThibaut, company president. "At a macro level, this is also affecting multifamily, commercial construction as concrete block is now cheaper for apartment construction than wood frame."

Justin Thibaut, LSI Companies(Photo: LSI Companies)

No one's sure exactly how much higher it could go or for how much longer, but other facets, some man-made, have already been in play, CoStar'sAlford said.

"The wildfires will certainly impact the pricing of lumber, but there is also still a lagged impact from our trade wars over the prior two, threeyears," hesaid. "Weve all stopped talking about the trade wars, but we still have 20% tariffs in place on Canadian lumber, for example."

Yes, President Donald Trump's trade wars that Forbes magazine reported this summer have cost U.S. company stock prices at least $1.7 trillion while the taxpayingconsumers of Americaare losing $57 billion annually,according to new data last month by the conservative American Action Forumaligned with the Republican Party. It's also helped lead toone of the biggest rifts with Canada, historically our biggest trading comrade in the world's largest partnership, since the War of 1812.

Besides a record year for wildfires, hurricanes, home construction, and oh yeah, a pandemic, 2020 is featuring a shortage of lumber thats costing you a lot of money thanks to the Trump tariffs, mills temporarily closing, high demand and now, Californias relentless climate change-induced immense infernos.(Photo: Photo by John Lavenburg)

The talk of tariffs was the only time during this past week's vice presidential debates that financial markets moved after Kamala Harris said Trump is losingthe trade war, whichhas resultedin bankruptcies for America's farmers and the loss of 300,000 U.S. manufacturing jobs, according to Bloomberg Markets and Finance's Dani Burger.

"Some policy discussion certainly moved markets in a decisive way. It came from comments by Kamala Harris over foreign policy" when the candidate condemned the trade wars, Burger said."The markets indeed did like that.

"It's been no secret that the trade war has been one of the big tail risks looming over markets, and some hope that if there is aBiden presidency, that tail risk would disappear,decisively sent stocks both in the cash session in Japan and U.Sfutures higher."

The fires have served as a reminder of the challenges Americafaces from the Trump tariffs.

"The California wildfires are putting a spotlight on the 20 percent tariff on Canadian lumber imports," Boyd said. "Repealing the tariff is one of the major lobbying priorities of the National Association of Home Builders."

More: In the Know: Naples keeps stretching south on U.S. 41 toward Everglades City, with new stores and developments

And: In the Know: Naples Airport, the $440 million driveway of the rich and famous; plus Toll Brothers and solar energy updates

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The Trump tariffs aren't alone in driving up your prices and the shortage of supplies. The universe has other culprits.

"The 2017-2018 tariffs on Canadian lumber increased pricing, but most recently the U.S. mills misjudged the effects of the pandemic,"said Ken Iglesias, senior vice president of commercial banking for Centennial Bank in Southwest Florida. "The thought process wasthat building construction would be slowed during the pandemic, so they closed some of the U.S. plants.However, they did not anticipate the surge in home improvement projects by homeowners in quarantine, which is made evident by the record sales for Lowe's and Home Depot."

Iglesias gets some agreement from Dan Adams, a vice president and principal for Stevens Construction, which has numerous projects in Southwest Florida including the high-profile work at Winkler Road and College Parkway of the $27 millionFineMark National Bank & Trust headquarters risingup in Fort Myers.

Dan Adams(Photo: Special to news-press.com)

"The demand has not slowed. This has created the perfect storm.(The mills) are way behind on orders from the shutdown and still only running at 50% capacity, creating an even further 'log jam,'pun intended," Adams said. "Lead times for lumber materials are being affected across the board, trusses, doors, trim, etc. The Masonite mills were shut down for over three months, which has delayed door deliveries.Doors are now 13-14 weeks out from the time of approval.

"Fortunately we are involved early, throughout the design phase, on the majority of our projects so we have been able to identify the lumber shortage and ever-growing lead times and plan for them.We are doing things like getting the truss and door packages released early, sometimes before we even have building permits in hand.By knowing the market and releasing packages affected by this shortage, we have been able to mitigate any major delays."

In the Know asked how the disruptionshave affectedFrank Jenkins, president of Southwest Florida's Frank R. Jenkins Custom Homes.

"As a custom builder this is hard to say because every home we build is different. We not only have a short-term lumber problem but mainly a skilled labor shortage. So a home that normally would take 8 months, I would allow 10 months," Jenkins said. "The biggest portion of our homes are concrete."

Frank Jenkins, president of Frank R. Jenkins Custom Homes(Photo: Brian Tietz)

A little luck in finding what you need can't hurt.

"On our FineMark National Bank & Trust project in Fort Myers, our wood trim supplier has had to buy up all of the remaining white oak in the county to finish the trim work on the project," Adams said."Lumber pricing is changing daily at this point. A sheet of 5/8 plywood cost $15 back in July, and now costs $41.We have seen truss prices double since March. Truss manufacturers are only able to hold pricing they give us for a few days.Standard yellow pine, 2x4 2x12, used here in the Southwest Florida region have gone up by 30-40% since August and has literally gone up every day during the month of September."

Other natural disasters, like Delta,haven't helped.

"Recent hurricanes have caused price increases for many building materials, including drywall and roofing materials," Iglesias said.

Ken Iglesias, senior vice president of commercial banking for Centennial Bank(Photo: Provided to In the Know)

The Bonita Springs-Estero Realtors group says the costs and shortages tied to the western fires have led to more interest in investment of existing dwellings, and at the same time, the outfitis encouraging sellers to upgrade outdated decor to compete with newly erected residences.

"There is an 8-12-month waiting time for a new build," said Adam Ruud, managing broker at Domain Realty in Bonita Springs, and a decade ago, a professional player in the USL, formerly known as the United Soccer League. Right now, buyers are giving additional consideration to resale properties due to the longer wait time and a cost increase on materials.

In a bit of a twist, another organizationthat may benefit from the lumberconundrum in Florida: The MormonChurch.

"ABoyd Company real estate development client happens to be the Investment Properties Division of the Mormon Church based in Salt Lake City," Boyd said. "The church happens to be the largest private landowner in all of Florida. Much of this land is valuable timber land almost 400,000 acres in the Panhandle area counties of Bay, Calhoun, Franklin, Gadsden, Gulf, Jefferson, Leon, Liberty and Wakulla."

More: In the Know: Crazy buying surge as home prices rapidly climb in Collier; and latest on Tiger Woods venture

And: In the Know: Meet your new neighbors trying to escape tight spaces; they're probably from New York, New Jersey, Miami or Fort Lauderdale

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So, despite the current circumstances, what's the outlook?

The Boyd Company's John Boyd Jr.: "We expect the rise of the remote workforce model to accelerate Florida's population growth. (Another)significant driver behind Florida's booming construction industryis COVID-related home office projects, especially among high net worth execs relocating permanently from New York and New Jersey.Despite the increased lumber costs,we expect construction to remain a growth industry for Florida in the months and years ahead."

Centennial Bank's Ken Iglesias: "Socially distancing from non-family members is challenging in apartment buildings and crowded living spaces, which has sparked further interest in single-family homes. In response to parts of the economy closing, the Federal Reserve has lowered interest rates, and indicated they will remain low for some time.Families are now finding there is a need to have more space for work, educationand social distancing while the lower interest rates increased the affordability of home ownership. (In) Southwest Florida,I see homevalues continuing a steady increase over the next few years due to the current imbalance of supply versus demand in the market."

Brian Alford, Florida director of market analytics for CoStar Group(Photo: Provided)

CoStar Group's Brian Alford: "Mortgage rates are at record lows and are expected to remain low for quite some time, years perhaps, which should continue to foster homebuyer demand and keep the trend intact. (In 2020)the acceleration appears to be led by people seeking larger space to accommodate working and schooling from home."

Jenkins Custom Homes' Frank Jenkins: "It looks like the prices hopefully have spiked, and as supply catches up, we should start to see some relief in pricing. (The)Florida economy is booming and will continue to boom as we see people wanting to relocate to our amazing state."

Based at the Naples Daily News, Columnist Phil Fernandez (pfernandez@gannett.com) writes In the Know as part of the USA TODAY NETWORK. Support Democracy and subscribe to a newspaper.

More: Collier's House District 106 election: Jersey natives differ widely on best path forFlorida's future

And: In the Know: The intersection with the pandemic, a $1 billion loss in one month and two possible local toll expressways

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Read or Share this story: https://www.naplesnews.com/story/news/columnists/in-the-know/2020/10/12/how-california-wildfires-hit-you-home-lumber-wine-produce-agriculture-strawberry-avocado-lettuce/5909447002/

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In the Know: Lumbering through a pandemic; how the California wildfires are costing you money in Southwest Florida - Naples Daily News

GrowFlux has recently partnered with Houston, TX based horticultural lighting manufacturer XtraLight to offer wireless IoT controls alongside XtraLight PowerGrove LED Grow Lights. The relationship expands XtraLights horticultural lighting solutions to encompass intelligent lighting controls and allows XtraLight to offer complete turnkey intelligent lighting systems for greenhouses and indoor farms.

GrowFluxs IoT lighting controls pair well with XtraLights high performance PowerGrove lights. The GrowFlux Dimmer offers a simple and easy-to-use control solution for lighting installations of any size. Precision control of horticultural lighting enables tremendous energy savings, since horticultural lighting energy consumption represents one of the highest operating costs in indoor farming and greenhouse agriculture. Advanced control schedules also enable yield enhancement by adapting lighting levels to the stage of crop development, reducing crop stress and improving overall yield.

We have been impressed by XtraLights product lineup and commitment to quality and are excited to bring advanced features like smartphone control and energy saving scheduling to their product line, says GrowFlux CEO Eric Eisele. The close cooperation between the two companies allows GrowFlux to offer a user experience tailored to XtraLights products. Starting in October 2020, all models and configurations of XtraLights PowerGrove lights will be available for precision control in GrowFluxs platform. XtraLights customers will benefit from adding customized controls to their LED horticulture lights.

XtraLights PowerGrove Designer Javier Silva says, We were thrilled to find a solution which provides luminaire controls with a large-scale capacity. The GrowFlux system allows growers, cultivators and horticulturists to control multiple fixtures with one simple application.

For more information:GrowFluxwww.growflux.com

XtraLight http://www.xtralight.com

Read more here:
GrowFlux and XtraLight partner on IoT controls for horticultural lighting - hortidaily.com

The use of high-tech greenhouse facilities and vertical farms for fruit and vegetable crop cultivation is skyrocketing in certain parts of the globe as a response to increased demand for fresh produce, less reliable weather conditions and the rising scarcity of cultivable farmland. Precision farming ensures all-year production, higher yields, improvement in product quality and higher marketable value. Modern indoor farming technologies offer the possibility to boost plant density as compared with open field cultivation. However, failing to provide adequate lighting at the necessary points in a dense canopy is bound to result in suboptimal crop yields. For instance, using more toplight modules will only lead to a bigger electricity bill while the lower parts of the plants will still not receive the proper amount of light.

Interlights for a higher degree of precision in farmingLight in indoor crop cultivation could become a limiting factor, especially when it comes to the lower portions of the canopy. Generally speaking, interlights ensure that the plants surface is evenly lit and thus promote faster plant growth and improved biomass accumulation while enhancing the sink activity of the crop. Experts at Tungsram Agritech designed the Interlight LED lighting system as a supplementary light source in greenhouses to light the lower, shadowed parts of the vegetation. Installed between the rows of plants, these modules enable growers to improve the taste and nutritional value of vegetables by ensuring that the entire surface of the plant receives the necessary amount of light. Interlights add a new, much needed aspect to the horticulture industry, especially in Nordic countries, where the amount of natural light is much lower on an annual basis, says Anita Zelnik, Product Manager at Tungsram Agritech. As a result of low heat radiation and the passive cooling system, Tungsrams LED interlight provides the light needed by plants without unwanted heat generation, thus ensuring that all plants are lit at the points where they benefit the most, she highlights. We have also tested our product for the most widely used chemicals in indoor farming to ensure that all the components are chemicals resistant, which makes crop and greenhouse management considerably easier," Ms. Zelnik notes.

Tungsrams linear LED Lighting systems use highly efficient horticultural LEDs, which deliver light output in a range of 138 to 309 mol/s per module, providing the optimized spectrum for crops to grow prosperously all year round. The mix of red and blue LEDs follows a standard recipe for the growth stimulation of several crop types such as tomatoes and cucumbers. Some versions of the interlight module also features white light, which besides many useful aspects like improved pollinator navigation and deeper interception in the canopy, also ensures a more comfortable working environment for the human eye and the color of the crop can be seen better. The modules lifetime exceeds 50,000 hours.

Plenty of experiments have proved that photosynthetic light use efficiency increases with interlights, meaning that it is more electrically efficient to light plant with interlights than with toplights. The leaves in the lower canopy will be much greener and lusher, the ripening time is much shorter, and the truss is much more homogeneous, says Lrinc Utasi, agronomist at Tungsram Agritech.

For more information: TungsramKeith ThomasCommercial Leaderkeith.thomas2@tungsram.comagritech.tungsram.com

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Light from top to bottom - hortidaily.com

Creating a warm hygge-lit atmosphere with candles, string lights, twinkle lights and a warm beverage is just one of the tips to help make it through the heart of winter (during a pandemic).

We made it through the past 6 months, but what are some of the ways we did it? Planted vegetables, grew flowers, revamped outdoor spaces, went on bike rides, baked bread, homeschooled and found new ways of staying connected virtually.

But the curtain closes and a new scene begins enter the fall and winter months. Anxiety might be settling in about how to do this again in the heart of winter. Summer is over and its time for some serious planning for optimum mental health. Here are some tips to help make it through:

Rounding the next corner, rest assured there are things to do, to not only pull through these unprecedented times together, but maybe get a glimpse into what the new normal should have looked like all along.

The preceding article is courtesy of the Ulliance Employee Assistance Program, a benefit service provided by Wayne State University. Find out more information and connect at (800) 448-8326 with a Life Advisor Consultant who can help find ways to enhance work/life balance and increase happiness.

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5 tips to manage pandemic stress during the winter - The South End

Even with cold weather approaching and some businesses such as Regal movie theaters shutting down indefinitely while COVID-19 inhibits the appeal of being indoors, Northern Illinois residents still have options to get out of the house for arts, entertainment and recreation.

Operators of destinations such as cinemas and family centers are getting creative and staying open, featuring bowling, laser tag and miniature golf as they prepare for temperatures to drop, in hopes of drawing customers to what they believe are safe indoor environments.

Meanwhile, senior centers are continuing to welcome ideas for virtual events and outdoor, in-person get-togethers for limited numbers of participants at a time. And cultural facilities and downtown business organizations are extending into November seasonal attractions that have proven popular during this strange year.

Mayor Wayne Jett, co-owner of the McHenry Downtown Indoor Theater, said the business is changing directions to offer more than just film showings. He said one of its theaters is being remodeled to include a 20-foot-by-12-foot stage that will remain even after the outbreak is under control, with the right lighting and sound to host live acts such as stand-up comedy, magic shows and plays with small casts.

Comedians Jim Florentine and Kevin Farley are set to come to the revamped theater for two shows each the nights of Oct. 23 and Nov. 6, respectively, with tickets available online at bit.ly/3nGGfOa.

In downtown DeKalb, the Egyptian Theatre has succeeded in showing off its $6.5 million expansion by increasing the frequency of its haunted tours, normally offered only once a month or every other month, said Jeanine Holcomb, marketing and communications director for the theater. They are now available on all Friday nights through the end of the month and into November, she said.

Tickets for those tours are almost sold out, with only one remaining for Oct. 16, and limited availability for the theaters high octane haunted tour on Halloween night, which will feature a special paranormal medium tour guide, Holcomb said. At least two more tours are going to be offered in November, which is unusual for the theater, Holcomb said.

We felt like it would be the logical choice to keep offering them. People keep buying them, she said.

It is also showing classic horror movies Saturday and Sunday nights in its 1,400-seat theater that allows adequate social distancing, as well as a production of the Rocky Horror Picture Show Oct. 30 that will scale back how close cast members get to the audience, Holcomb said.

We cant wait until COVID has passed and we can have a large party and show people the new digs, she said. Until then, were glad to continue having people in small groups.

In Aurora, downtown storefronts along the Fox River are decorated by local artists with colorful skulls as part of the celebration of Mexican heritage for the Dia de los Muertos, or Day of the Dead, that the organization Aurora Downtown has helped put on, its manager Marissa Amoni said. The area will be known as Sugar Skull City from Oct. 15 to Nov. 15 for people to take self-guided tours, and the month will include a virtual how-to class on making your own sugar skulls, according to the Aurora Downtown website.

We have a very large downtown, so things are separated, and people dont congregate necessarily along one street. Were using that to our advantage, and weve come up with crowd-free activities, which include scavenger hunts, Amoni said. We are inviting people to downtown to experience authentic Mexican culture by visiting Mexican bakeries, restaurants and seeing decorated storefronts. Dozens of businesses have hired local artists to decorate their storefronts for Day of the Dead heritage.

Agritourism operators in Northern Illinois offering visitors the chance to navigate corn mazes, pick pumpkins and enjoy other harvest season fun on the farm are expecting to have a big year as the heightened risk of indoor virus spread gives outdoor activities more appeal, the Northwest Herald reported last month.

For Selmis Greenhouse, Farm and Pumpkin Patch in Rock Falls, whose corn maze this year is in the shape of a decorated skull when seen from above in honor of Day of the Dead, the weekends have indeed been busy, farmhand Ava Prior said.

The pandemic and the limited options for having fun away from home this year may have brought some first-timers to the farm this season, even as certain attractions, such as its haunted house and jump houses, are closed this year because of the outbreak, Prior said.

Id say we have had a lot of new faces here for sure, Prior said.

Residents and tourists looking for a bit of friendly competition can test their skills at bowling, miniature golf, arcade games or laser tag at Plum Hollow Family Center in Dixon, which has been open since late June and is limiting groups to fewer than 25 customers, with empty lanes between parties.

Plum Hollows bar is shut down, but food and beverage service is still available at tables.

In comparison to being closed, its much better, Plum Hollow owner Al Norman said. We make our money on the large groups. Its that window, historically December through March, where we need to be able to have big numbers of people in the building. But for right now, its keeping people on payroll, its keeping the lights going. Were not losing money.

Senior citizens, who are at greater risk of becoming seriously ill from COVID-19 than younger populations, still have options to get out of the house and gather together in small numbers, or online.

McHenry Township Senior Center is unable to host programming in its facility still, activity director Jane Gregory said. However, she has found some seniors enjoy the knitting and crocheting classes she has been able to offer in a park shelter near the center, and games such as hangman played over video chat, including a round Gregory led Thursday, have been a hit, too, she said.

We play pokeno on Mondays, bingo on Wednesdays and exercise (via Zoom) on Tuesdays and Thursdays, Gregory said.

She is also open to suggestions from community members on virtual or in-person events to offer to small numbers of participants.

We are planning on being outside and doing activity even into next month if we can, she said, adding that seniors can access a shelter with a fireplace that can accommodate up to six people with social distancing in place.

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Indoor, outdoor fun remain available in Northern Illinois as some venues shutter for cold season amid pandemic - Northwest Herald

A biomedical engineering laboratory in the US has developed a way to potentially neutralize airborne viruses using food coloring sprays.

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October13, 20204 min read

Editor's Note: This research report is a brief overview of interesting academic work.

By Young Kim , Purdue University ; Hee-Jae Jeon , Purdue University ; Jung Woo Leem , Purdue University , and Yuhyun Ji , Purdue University

Our Biomedical Engineering laboratory has developed a way to potentially neutralize airborne viruses using food coloring sprays approved by the FDA, the US health agency. Aerosols are small pieces of solid or liquid matter suspended in the air.

Our idea was inspired by photodynamic therapy , which is a medical treatment, even for certain types of cancer. Photodynamic therapy uses a photosensitizer, a chemical that reacts with oxygen in the presence of light to produce free oxygen radicals . These radicals are highly reactive, meaning that they trigger other chemical reactions, including those that kill harmful pathogens.

Instead of using expensive medical photosensitizers, we have identified several FDA-approved food dyes that can be used to generate free radicals in visible light. We use ultrasound to generate tiny sprays that contain the food coloring so the dyes can float and stay in the air. Sprays are barely visible and their small size and short shelf life mean they don't stain surfaces.

We use this technique to produce a device, Photodynamic Airborne Cleaner, that disinfects airborne pathogens. To the best of our knowledge and belief, this is the first photodynamic therapy aerosol generator for airborne disinfection.

Viruses and bacteria are often transmitted through the air. A person infected with SARS-CoV-2, the virus that causes COVID-19, who coughs or sneezes produces contaminated droplets and aerosols that float in the air and can trigger the disease .

Due to this risk, all types of indoor meetings are now limited. Being able to disinfect large volumes of indoor air where there are many people is essential to reduce the chances of transmission.

Photodynamic therapy was first demonstrated as a means of fighting bacterial infections . Oxygen free radicals, specifically singlet oxygen , can also inactivate viruses by damaging the nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids that make them up. In particular, singlet oxygen is effective in breaking down the lipid envelopes that form protective layers around many viruses. Most viruses that are harmful to humans, including SARS-CoV-2, have these envelopes.

Various other disinfection techniques are available, for example hydrogen peroxide spray, hydrogen peroxide vapor, ozone, steam, and UV-C or 'deep UV' lighting. However, these are more appropriate for disinfecting surfaces than for disabling airborne pathogens. Additionally, they can be dangerous to humans. For example, deep ultraviolet rays are commonly used as a disinfectant, but they are carcinogenic.

We are preparing to collaborate with a federal research team to evaluate the effectiveness of our airborne photodynamic cleaner against airborne transmission of SARS-CoV-2.

FDA approved food coloring sprays and their singlet oxygen generation do not last long. These dye sprays degrade in light and singlet oxygen is not generated without light. However, although the food coloring is approved by the FDA for consumption, it is necessary to test the safety of possible inhalation and oral intake.

This article was translated by El Financiero . This article is republished from The Conversation under a Creative Commons license. Read the original article .

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Believe it or not: Artificial coloring could be used to disinfect the air from COVID-19 - Entrepreneur