Karuk have a plan to lower risk of fires – Siskiyou Daily News

Pacific Gas and Electric keeps electricity flowing through 81,000 miles of overhead distribution power lines. This happens across the cities and over the mountains of PG&Es service area from the Pacific Ocean to the Sierra Nevada, Eureka to Bakersfield, according to their website.

Common sense says maintaining the lines day after day, year after year, decade after decade is a feat of planning and hard work.

Another important requirement by all the states utility companies is keeping the thick forest and woodland brush under the lines cut back. The brush has been accumulating for 100 years of fire suppression in the ranges and mountains across California.

Common sense says wildfire loves big fuel.

The Karuk Tribe in Siskiyou and Humboldt counties want to help. They wrote a report with a plan to maintain corridors under PG&Es distribution and service lines in the areas of their towns.

Distribution lines are the in-between carriers that relay stepped-down, high voltage electricity from transmission lines to the service lines that connect to the customer structure..

Written with a grant from the PG&E Resilient Communities Foundation, the Karuk plan is simple: lower the risk of dying by uncontrollable fire in and around the remote towns of Orleans and Somes Bar, and do this by clearing power line corridors, and then burning the brush in cooler, wetter months with small, strategic fire.

The report was co-authored by Bill Tripp, who is director of the Tribes Department of Natural Resources, and Kari Marie Norgaard, a professor at the University of Oregon with background in environmental studies, biology and climate change.

Before European descendants arrived along the mid-Klamath River, the Karuk used fire to enhance the environment and to keep fuels in the mountains under control and prevent large conflagrations.

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They did this by lighting small, short term fires in mosaic patches, at successively higher elevations, starting in spring and continuing through summer and fall. Fire renewed and maintained the health of the world, it enriched Karuk foods and provided the best quality materials for clothing, tools and ceremonial items. In an interview, Tripp said villages on both sides of the river near present-day Orleans coordinated their burning.

For example, burning leaves in black oak stands lowered fuel levels and was good for the acorns, which the deer like, Tripp said. They wouldnt wait after a fire, theyd come down and would roll around in the burned duff as soon as it cooled off.

The Karuk used smoke, too.

Salmon need cold water, and the Karuk knew that because there is more moisture content in burnable materials in the high country, they could burn at higher elevations and manage the fire. They did this for various other environmental reasons but a primary purpose was to shade the river with the smoke cloud and lower the water temperature. Doing this protected the salmon and promoted migration up river, according to the Tribes Climate Change Adaptation Plan

A century ago, many Karuk were stopped from using fire. They were also stripped of the ability to manage their lands as they always had, and replaced by new managers the U.S. Forest Service and Bureau of Indian Affairs.

These agencies decided that to avoid large fires they would suppress fire. That meant all fire. Laws were enacted forbidding use of fire on the land, and tribal people were sometimes killed for this, as late as the 1930s, according to an article Tripp wrote for the Guardian.

Despite the hard road, the Karuk focused on reclaiming the lives they choose to live and managing the environment with fire as they have done for the thousands of years theyve lived along the Klamath, according to the Adaptation plan.

They also bought small areas of land, mastered the permit processes, satisfied NEPA and CEQA regulations and, in the 1990s, began combining modern science with traditional uses of fire on their properties, according to Tripp.

In 2018, with the managed fire plan, the Karuk were ready to enlarge the scope of their burning to more strategic managing of the fuel load under the power lines, Tripp said.

With the grant, they gathered data along 41 miles of power line in and around Orleans and Somes Bar. They identified 104 sites in need of initial clearing and then follow-up maintenance. Of the 104 sites, 28 were deemed high risk and in immediate need of clearing; and 41 sites were medium risk.

The report/plan consists of planning and administration, the cutting the trees and bushes under the lines and around power poles and transformers, burning brush in cooler months at safe distances from the infrastructure and ongoing maintenance.

One such site visited by a reporter was up from a treed road on the edge of a meadow, just outside Orleans. Clearing and burning had been done in November around a pole and transformer at the base of a brushy hillside. A service line from the pole swung across the narrow road to a house.

Were doing this ourselves because this is our place, Tripp said. Were trying to fashion a system where we can work with PG&E and other partners, especially where it benefits their infrastructure.

Their report describes how fire starts under electrical lines and other infrastructure in remote, mountainous locations.

Distribution and service lines can ignite because of the mechanical failure of transformers and other equipment, when lines or conductors are close enough to cause arcing, when unmaintained vegetation comes in contact with a line, or when a fallen tree or branch downs a power line.

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A tree or a branch that falls on two lines can create an arc between the lines and cause sparks, Tripp explained.

After clearing the land under the lines and around poles, tribal crews collect the brush in small piles. Then, during times of year when moisture content allows for slow-burning, low fire, the material is burned.

Tripp described the difference between the Karuks use of fire and the clearing that power companies perform, one of them being the use of herbicides.

PG&E has implemented treatments around poles weed eating or the application of herbicides. Other places along the highway, they use the CCC (California Conservation Corps) to come in and weed cut around poles.

We dont use herbicides. There are a lot of resources out there on the land that our people use. This infrastructure lies within two miles of our villages. So we dont want herbicides on food and other things that people use. Its poison, our tribal law bans it. Using fire to maintain the landscape is consistent with our culture, Tripp said.

Another PG&E practice the Karuk want to improve on is leaving cut vegetation on the ground because it becomes fuel for a low burning fire directly under the lines.

In response to Karuk concerns, PG&E marketing and communications spokesperson, Lynsey Paulo, wrote in an email that PG&E trims overhanging limbs and branches above power lines and removes hazardous vegetation such as dead, diseased, dying or defective trees that could harm power lines or equipment.

However, neither PG&E nor its contractors has the authority to remove wood because the trees on customers land are their property. As a courtesy, tree crews cut larger limbs into more manageable lengths and leave wood on-site for customer use, Paulo said. Also, customers can request removal of wood debris at no cost.

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The Karuk are working on raising the money to fund an endowment for their plan. This was helped considerably by a follow-up grant from the PG&E Resilient Communities Foundation, which Tripp described as an additional gift to the Tribe for grant writing and fund raising. With the money, the Tribe hired a professional grant writer and a fund raiser.

The goal is to raise $1 million for the endowment. Tripp said this amount would generate enough annual interest to grow the endowment and pay for carrying out the plan. The endowment would also fund the more comprehensive and long-range Climate Change Adaptation Plan. When implemented, this plan seeks to repair and renew the mid-Klamath environment and provide a strategy which the Karuk believe would go farther at lowering the risk, long-term, of catastrophic fire.

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Karuk have a plan to lower risk of fires - Siskiyou Daily News