Ocean View, Delaware, Sept. 05, 2017 (GLOBE NEWSWIRE) --

Global Fire Suppression Market is expected to surpass USD 16 billion by 2024, as reported in the latest study by Global Market Insights, Inc. Stringent government regulations towards public safety along with growing consumer awareness will drive the fire suppression market size. Growing commercial floorspace along with introduction of safety codes and standards will stimulate the product penetration. As per American Chemistry Council, the fire codes set by NFPA and IFC states that all areas with upholstered furniture including healthcare facilities and educational institutes must have sprinkler system installed.

U.S. is projected to reach over annual installation of 150 million units by 2024. Upsurge in construction industry along with technological advancement in the product design and development will embellish the U.S. fire suppression market share. Increasing demand for environment friendly, less toxic, automatic and new generation systems will propel the product growth. In 2016, the country construction industry continued its rebound with 5.3% with another 2% expected increase by the end of 2017.

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Growing awareness toward the adoption of fire protection systems to mitigate the hazards and accidents will foster the fire suppression market share. Introduction of green buildings in Europe coupled with stringent safety regulations will fuel the business growth. As per European Commission, 70,000 people are hospitalized due to severe injuries caused by fire with an estimated damage of USD 148.6 billion every year.

Rapid industrialization across developing economies along with increasing demand for safety equipment will drive the global fire suppression market. Ongoing investments across Asia-Pacific and Africa towards the expansion of industrial, commercial and residential establishments will boost the product demand. As per Central Banks and Governments statistics bureau, investments across Asia Pacific for the development of Industrial sector was USD 10.6 billion in 2016.

Germany fire suppression market is set to experience substantial growth on account of enhancement and improvisation of safety standards. As per European Commission, in Germany, any office or residential building with height of over 60 m must be provided with two stair cases as a safety exit and a sprinkler system must be installed to meet the safety standards.

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China fire suppression market is set to witness growth over 3% by 2024. Expansion of industrial and commercial sector along with growing measures to reduce the fire accidents will positively influence the business landscape. In 2015, China surpassed the U.S. as the worlds major safety and security products market with an annual rise of 10.8%.

Saudi Arabia fire suppression market in 2016 was valued over 150 million. Ongoing O&G projects along with expansion and establishment of other available industries will boost the demand for suppression systems. In 2015, number of operating industrial units have reached up to 7,007 with the investment of USD 290 billion.

Notable players in global fire suppression market include TYCO, United Technologies Corporation, Minimax, Lubrizol, Bristol Fire Engineering, Halma PLC, SFFECO, Firetronics, NAFFCO, Master Fire Preventions Ltd., National Fire Equipment Ltd. and Amerex Corporation.

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Fire Suppression Market worth over $16bn by 2024: Global Market Insights, Inc. - GlobeNewswire (press release)

This article is about the complete fire protection system. For the device that actually discharges water, see Fire sprinkler.

A fire sprinkler system is an active fire protection method, consisting of a water supply system, providing adequate pressure and flowrate to a water distribution piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are connected. Although historically only used in factories and large commercial buildings, systems for homes and small buildings are now available at a cost-effective price.[1] Fire sprinkler systems are extensively used worldwide, with over 40 million sprinkler heads fitted each year. In buildings completely protected by fire sprinkler systems, over 96% of fires were controlled by fire sprinklers alone.[2]

Leonardo da Vinci designed a sprinkler system in the 15th century. Da Vinci automated his patron's kitchen with a super-oven and a system of conveyor belts. In a comedy of errors, everything went wrong during a huge banquet, and a fire broke out. "The sprinkler system worked all too well, causing a flood that washed away all the food and a good part of the kitchen."[3]

Ambrose Godfrey created the first successful automated sprinkler system in 1723.[4] He used gunpowder to release a tank of extinguishing fluid.[4]

The worlds first modern recognizable sprinkler system was installed in the Theatre Royal, Drury Lane in the United Kingdom in 1812 by its architect, William Congreve, and was covered by patent No 3606 dated the same year.[5] The apparatus consisted of a cylindrical airtight reservoir of 400 hogsheads (~95,000 litres) fed by a 10-inch (250mm) water main which branched to all parts of the theatre. A series of smaller pipes fed from the distribution pipe were pierced with a series of 12-inch (13mm) holes which pour water in the event of a fire.[6]

Merit Sprinkler Company states the history as:[7]

From 1852 to 1885, perforated pipe systems were used in textile mills throughout New England as a means of fire protection. However, they were not automatic systems, they did not turn on by themselves. Inventors first began experimenting with automatic sprinklers around 1860. The first automatic sprinkler system was patented by Philip W. Pratt of Abington, MA, in 1872. Henry S. Parmalee of New Haven, Connecticut is considered the inventor of the first practical automatic sprinkler head. Parmalee improved upon the Pratt patent and created a better sprinkler system. In 1874, he installed his fire sprinkler system into the piano factory that he owned.

Frederick Grinnell improved Parmalee's design and in 1881 patented the automatic sprinkler that bears his name. He continued to improve the device and in 1890 invented the glass disc sprinkler, essentially the same as that in use today.[8]

"Until the 1940s, sprinklers were installed almost exclusively for the protection of commercial buildings, whose owners were generally able to recoup their expenses with savings in insurance costs. Over the years, fire sprinklers have become mandatory safety equipment"[7] in some parts of North America, in certain occupancies, including, but not limited to newly constructed "hospitals, schools, hotels and other public buildings,"[7] subject to the local building codes and enforcement. However, outside of the US and Canada, sprinklers are rarely mandated by building codes for normal hazard occupancies which do not have large numbers of occupants (e.g. factories, process lines, retail outlets, petrol stations, etc.)

Sprinklers are now commonly installed in other buildings including schools and residential premises. This is largely as a result of lobbying by the National Fire Sprinkler Network, the European Fire Sprinkler Network and the British Automatic Fire Sprinkler Association.

Building regulations in Scotland and England often require fire sprinkler systems to be installed in certain types of properties to ensure safety of occupants.

In Scotland, all new schools are sprinkler protected, as are new care homes, sheltered housing and high rise flats. In England all high rise buildings over 30m must have sprinkler protection. In 2011 Wales became the first country in the world to make installation of fire sprinklers in new homes mandatory. The law will apply to newly built houses and blocks of flats, as well as care homes and university halls of residence. This law will be enforced from September 2013.[9]

Sprinklers have been in use in the United States since 1874, and were used in factory applications where fires at the turn of the century were often catastrophic in terms of both human and property losses. In the US, sprinklers are today required in all new high rise and underground buildings generally 75 feet (23m) above or below fire department access, where the ability of firefighters to provide adequate hose streams to fires is limited.[citation needed]

Sprinklers may be required to be installed by building codes, or may be recommended by insurance companies to reduce potential property losses or business interruption. Building codes in the United States for places of assembly, generally over 100 persons, and places with overnight sleeping accommodation such as hotels, nursing homes, dormitories, and hospitals usually require sprinklers either under local building codes, as a condition of receiving State and Federal funding or as a requirement to obtain certification (essential for institutions who wish to train medical staff).[citation needed]

While there is very little specific federal legislation regarding building codes, which are generally left to local jurisdictions, the federal government has used its funding and monetary clout to strongly encourage fire safety standards in construction.

In 1990 the US Congress passed PL-101-391, better known as The Hotel and Motel Fire Safety Act of 1990.[10] This law requires that any hotel, meeting hall, or similar institution that receives federal funds (i.e. for a government traveller's overnight stay, or a conference, etc.), must meet fire and other safety requirements. The most visible of these conditions is the implementation of sprinklers. As more and more hotels and other public accommodations upgraded their facilities to enable acceptance of government visitors, this type of construction became the de facto industry norm - even when not directly mandated by any local building codes.

If building codes do not explicitly mandate the use of fire sprinklers, the code often makes it highly advantageous to install them as an optional system. Most US building codes allow for less expensive construction materials, larger floor area limitations, longer egress paths, and fewer requirements for fire rated construction in structures protected by fire sprinklers. Consequently, the total building cost is often less by installing a sprinkler system and savings money in the other aspects of the project, as compared to building a non-sprinklered structure.

In 2011, Pennsylvania and California became the first US states to require sprinkler systems in all new residential construction.[11] However, Pennsylvania repealed the law later that same year.[12] Many municipalities now require residential sprinklers, even if they are not required at the state level.[13]

Renewed interest in and support for sprinkler systems in the UK, largely as a result of effective lobbying by the National Fire Sprinkler Network, the European Fire Sprinkler Network and the British Automatic Fire Sprinkler Association,[citation needed] has resulted in sprinkler systems being more widely installed. In schools, for example, the government has issued recommendations through Building Bulletin 100 that most new schools should be constructed with sprinkler protection. In 2011 Wales became the first country in the world where sprinklers are compulsory in all new homes. The law applies to newly built houses and blocks of flats, as well as care homes and university halls of residence.[14][15] In Scotland, all new schools are sprinklered, as are new care homes, sheltered housing and high rise flats.

In the UK, since the 1990s sprinklers have gained recognition within the Building Regulations (England and Wales) and Scottish Building Standards and under certain circumstances, the presence of sprinkler systems is deemed to provide a form of alternative compliance to some parts of the codes. For example, the presence of a sprinkler system will usually permit doubling of compartment sizes and increases in travel distances (to fire exits) as well as allowing a reduction in the fire rating of internal compartment walls.

In Norway as of July 2010, all new housing of more than two storeys, all new hotels, care homes and hospitals must be sprinklered. Other Nordic countries require or soon will require[citation needed] sprinklers in new care homes, and in Finland as of 2010 a third of care homes were retrofitted with sprinklers. A fire in an illegal immigrant detention center at Schiphol airport in The Netherlands on 27 October 2005 killed 11 detainees and led to the retrofitting of sprinklers in all similarly designed prisons in The Netherlands. A fire at Dsseldorf Airport on 11 April 1996 which killed 17 people led to sprinklers being retrofitted in all major German airports. Most European countries also require sprinklers in shopping centers, in large warehouses and in high-rise buildings.[citation needed]

Each closed-head sprinkler is held closed by either a heat-sensitive glass bulb or a two-part metal link held together with fusible alloy. The glass bulb or link applies pressure to a pipe cap which acts as a plug which prevents water from flowing until the ambient temperature around the sprinkler reaches the design activation temperature of the individual sprinkler head. In a standard wet-pipe sprinkler system, each sprinkler activates independently when the predetermined heat level is reached. Thus, only sprinklers near the fire will operate, normally just one or two. This maximizes water pressure over the point of fire origin, and minimizes water damage to the building.[16]

A sprinkler activation will do less water damage than a fire department hose stream, which provide approximately 900 litres/min (250 US gallons/min). A typical sprinkler used for industrial manufacturing occupancies discharge about 75-150 litres/min (20-40 US gallons/min). However, a typical Early Suppression Fast Response (ESFR) sprinkler at a pressure of 50psi (340kPa) will discharge approximately 380 litres per minute (100USgal/min). In addition, a sprinkler will usually activate within one to four minutes of the fire's start, whereas it typically takes at least five minutes for a fire department to register an alarm and drive to the fire site, and an additional ten minutes to set up equipment and apply hose streams to the fire. This additional time can result in a much larger fire, requiring much more water to extinguish.

By a wide margin, wet pipe sprinkler systems are installed more often than all other types of fire sprinkler systems. They also are the most reliable, because they are simple, with the only operating components being the automatic sprinklers and (commonly, but not always) the automatic alarm check valve. An automatic water supply provides water under pressure to the system piping.

Dry pipe systems are the second most common sprinkler system type. Dry pipe systems are installed in spaces in which the ambient temperature may be cold enough to freeze the water in a wet pipe system, rendering the system inoperable. Dry pipe systems are most often used in unheated buildings, in parking garages, in outside canopies attached to heated buildings (in which a wet pipe system would be provided), or in refrigerated coolers. In regions using NFPA regulations, wet pipe systems cannot be installed unless the range of ambient temperatures remains above 40F (4C).[17]

Water is not present in the piping until the system operates; instead, the piping is filled with air at a pressure below the water supply pressure. To prevent the larger water supply pressure from prematurely forcing water into the piping, the design of the dry pipe valve (a specialized type of check valve) results in a greater force on top of the check valve clapper by the use of a larger valve clapper area exposed to the piping air pressure, as compared to the higher water pressure but smaller clapper surface area.

When one or more of the automatic sprinkler heads is triggered, it opens allowing the air in the piping to vent from that sprinkler. Each sprinkler operates independently, as its temperature rises above its triggering threshold. As the air pressure in the piping drops, the pressure differential across the dry pipe valve changes, allowing water to enter the piping system. Water flow from sprinklers, needed to control the fire, is delayed until the air is vented from the sprinklers. In regions using NFPA 13 regulations, the time it takes water to reach the hydraulically remote sprinkler from the time that sprinkler is activated is limited to a maximum of 60 seconds. In industry practice, this is known as the "Maximum Time of Water Delivery". The maximum time of water delivery may be required to be reduced, depending on the hazard classification of the area protected by the sprinkler system.[18]

Some property owners and building occupants may view dry pipe sprinklers as advantageous for protection of valuable collections and other water sensitive areas. This perceived benefit is due to a fear that wet system piping may slowly leak water without attracting notice, while dry pipe systems may not fail in this manner.[citation needed]

Disadvantages of using dry pipe fire sprinkler systems include:

"Deluge" systems are systems in which all sprinklers connected to the water piping system are open, in that the heat sensing operating element is removed, or specifically designed as such. These systems are used for special hazards where rapid fire spread is a concern, as they provide a simultaneous application of water over the entire hazard. They are sometimes installed in personnel egress paths or building openings to slow travel of fire (e.g. openings in a fire-rated wall).

Water is not present in the piping until the system operates. Because the sprinkler orifices are open, the piping is at atmospheric pressure. To prevent the water supply pressure from forcing water into the piping, a "deluge valve" is used in the water supply connection, which is a mechanically latched valve. It is a non-resetting valve, and stays open once tripped.

Because the heat sensing elements present in the automatic sprinklers have been removed (resulting in open sprinklers), the deluge valve must be opened as signaled by a fire alarm system. The type of fire alarm initiating device is selected mainly based on the hazard (e.g.pilot sprinklers, smoke detectors, heat detectors, or optical flame detectors). The initiation device signals the fire alarm panel, which in turn signals the deluge valve to open. Activation can also be manual, depending on the system goals. Manual activation is usually via an electric or pneumatic fire alarm pull station, which signals the fire alarm panel, which in turn signals the deluge valve to open.

Operation - Activation of a fire alarm initiating device, or a manual pull station, signals the fire alarm panel, which in turn signals the deluge valve to open, allowing water to enter the piping system. Water flows from all sprinklers simultaneously.

Pre-action sprinkler systems are specialized for use in locations where accidental activation is undesired, such as in museums with rare art works, manuscripts, or books; and Data Centers, for protection of computer equipment from accidental water discharge.

Pre-action systems are hybrids of wet, dry, and deluge systems, depending on the exact system goal. There are two main sub-types of pre-action systems: single interlock, and double interlock.

The operation of single interlock systems are similar to dry systems except that these systems require that a preceding fire detection event, typically the activation of a heat or smoke detector, takes place prior to the action of water introduction into the systems piping by opening the pre-action valve, which is a mechanically latched valve (i.e. similar to a deluge valve). In this way, the system is essentially converted from a dry system into a wet system. The intent is to reduce the undesirable time delay of water delivery to sprinklers that is inherent in dry systems. Prior to fire detection, if the sprinkler operates, or the piping system develops a leak, loss of air pressure in the piping will activate a trouble alarm. In this case, the pre-action valve will not open due to loss of supervisory pressure, and water will not enter the piping.

The operation of double interlock systems are similar to deluge systems except that automatic sprinklers are used. These systems require that both a preceding fire detection event, typically the activation of a heat or smoke detector, and an automatic sprinkler operation take place prior to the action of water introduction into the systems piping. Activation of either the fire detectors alone, or sprinklers alone, without the concurrent operation of the other, will not allow water to enter the piping. Because water does not enter the piping until a sprinkler operates, double interlock systems are considered as dry systems in terms of water delivery times, and similarly require a larger design area.

A foam water fire sprinkler system is a special application system, discharging a mixture of water and low expansion foam concentrate, resulting in a foam spray from the sprinkler. These systems are usually used with special hazards occupancies associated with high challenge fires, such as flammable liquids, and airport hangars. Operation is as described above, depending on the system type into which the foam is injected.

"Water spray" systems are operationally identical to a deluge system, but the piping and discharge nozzle spray patterns are designed to protect a uniquely configured hazard, usually being three-dimensional components or equipment (i.e. as opposed to a deluge system, which is designed to cover the horizontal floor area of a room). The nozzles used may not be listed fire sprinklers, and are usually selected for a specific spray pattern to conform to the three-dimensional nature of the hazard (e.g. typical spray patterns being oval, fan, full circle, narrow jet). Examples of hazards protected by water spray systems are electrical transformers containing oil for cooling or turbo-generator bearings. Water spray systems can also be used externally on the surfaces of tanks containing flammable liquids or gases (such as hydrogen). Here the water spray is intended to cool the tank and its contents to prevent tank rupture/explosion (BLEVE) and fire spread.

Water mist systems are used for special applications in which it is decided that creating a heat absorbent vapor is the primary objective. This type of system is typically used where water damage may be a concern, or where water supplies are limited. NFPA 750[20] defines water mist as a water spray with a droplet size of "less than 1000 microns at the minimum operation pressure of the discharge nozzle." The droplet size can be controlled by the adjusting discharge pressure through a nozzle of a fixed orifice size. By creating a mist, an equal volume of water will create a larger total surface area exposed to the fire. The larger total surface area better facilitates the transfer of heat, thus allowing more water droplets to turn to steam more quickly. A water mist, which absorbs more heat than water per unit time, due to exposed surface area, will more effectively cool the room, thus reducing the temperature of the flame.

Operation - Water mist systems can operate with the same functionality as deluge, wet pipe, dry pipe, or pre-action systems. The difference is that a water mist system uses a compressed gas as an atomizing medium, which is pumped through the sprinkler pipe. Instead of compressed gas, some systems use a high-pressure pump to pressurize the water so it atomizes as it exits the sprinkler nozzle.[21] Systems can be applied using local application method or total flooding method, similar to Clean Agent Fire Protection Systems.

inside bulb

This chart from the fire safety standards indicates the colour of the bulb and the respective operating temperature.

Sprinkler systems are intended to either control the fire or to suppress the fire. Control mode sprinklers are intended to control the heat release rate of the fire to prevent building structure collapse, and pre-wet the surrounding combustibles to prevent fire spread. The fire is not extinguished until the burning combustibles are exhausted or manual extinguishment is effected by firefighters. Suppression mode sprinklers (formerly known as Early Suppression Fast Response (ESFR) sprinklers) are intended to result in a severe sudden reduction of the heat release rate of the fire, followed quickly by complete extinguishment, prior to manual intervention.

Most sprinkler systems installed today are designed using an area and density approach. First the building use and building contents are analyzed to determine the level of fire hazard. Usually buildings are classified as light hazard, ordinary hazard group 1, ordinary hazard group 2, extra hazard group 1, or extra hazard group 2. After determining the hazard classification, a design area and density can be determined by referencing tables in the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA) standards. The design area is a theoretical area of the building representing the worst case area where a fire could burn. The design density is a measurement of how much water per square foot of floor area should be applied to the design area.

For example, in an office building classified as light hazard, a typical design area would be 1,500 square feet (140m2) and the design density would be 0.1 US gallons per minute (0.38l/min) per 1 square foot (0.093m2) or a minimum of 150 US gallons per minute (570l/min) applied over the 1,500-square-foot (140m2) design area. Another example would be a manufacturing facility classified as ordinary hazard group 2 where a typical design area would be 1,500 square feet (140m2) and the design density would be 0.2 US gallons per minute (0.76l/min) per 1 square foot (0.093m2) or a minimum of 300 US gallons per minute (1,100l/min) applied over the 1,500-square-foot (140m2) design area.

After the design area and density have been determined, calculations are performed to prove that the system can deliver the required amount of water over the required design area. These calculations account for all of the pressure that is lost or gained between the water supply source and the sprinklers that would operate in the design area. This includes pressure losses due to friction inside the piping and losses or gains due to elevational differences between the source and the discharging sprinklers. Sometimes momentum pressure from water velocity inside the piping is also calculated. Typically these calculations are performed using computer software but before the advent of computer systems these sometimes complicated calculations were performed by hand. This skill of calculating sprinkler systems by hand is still required training for a sprinkler system design technologist who seeks senior level certification from engineering certification organizations such as the National Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies (NICET).

Sprinkler systems in residential structures are becoming more common as the cost of such systems becomes more practical and the benefits become more obvious. Residential sprinkler systems usually fall under a residential classification separate from the commercial classifications mentioned above. A commercial sprinkler system is designed to protect the structure and the occupants from a fire. Most residential sprinkler systems are primarily designed to suppress a fire in such a way to allow for the safe escape of the building occupants. While these systems will often also protect the structure from major fire damage, this is a secondary consideration. In residential structures sprinklers are often omitted from closets, bathrooms, balconies, garages and attics because a fire in these areas would not usually impact the occupant's escape route.

If water damage or water volume is of particular concern, a technique called Water Mist Fire Suppression may be an alternative. This technology has been under development for over 50 years. It hasn't entered general use, but is gaining some acceptance on ships and in a few residential applications. Mist suppression systems work by using the heat of the fire to 'flash' the water mist cloud to steam. This then smothers the fire. As such, mist systems tend to be highly effective where there is likely to be a free-burning hot fire. Where there is insufficient heat (as in a deep seated fire such as will be found in stored paper) no steam will be generated and the mist system will not extinguish the fire. Some tests have shown that the volume of water needed to extinguish a fire with such a system installed can be dramatically less than with a conventional sprinkler system.[22]

In 2008, the installed costs of sprinkler systems ranged from US$0.31 $3.66 per square foot, depending on type and location. Residential systems, installed at the time of initial home construction and utilizing municipal water supplies, average about US$0.35/square foot.[23] Systems can be installed during construction or retrofitted. Some communities have laws requiring residential sprinkler systems, especially where large municipal hydrant water supplies ("fire flows") are not available. Nationwide in the United States, one and two-family homes generally do not require fire sprinkler systems, although the overwhelming loss of life due to fires occurs in these spaces.[citation needed] Residential sprinkler systems are inexpensive (about the same per square foot as carpeting or floor tiling), but require larger water supply piping than is normally installed in homes, so retrofitting is usually cost prohibitive.

According to the National Fire Protection Association (NFPA), fires in hotels with sprinklers averaged 78% less damage than fires in hotels without them (19831987). The NFPA says the average loss per fire in buildings with sprinklers was $2,300, compared to an average loss of $10,300 in unsprinklered buildings. The NFPA adds that there is no record of a fatality in a fully sprinklered building outside the point of fire origin.[citation needed] However, in a purely economic comparison, this is not a complete picture; the total costs of fitting, and the costs arising from non-fire triggered release must be factored.

The NFPA states that it "has no record of a fire killing more than two people in a completely sprinklered building where a sprinkler system was properly operating, except in an explosion or flash fire or where industrial fire brigade members or employees were killed during fire suppression operations."

The world's largest fire sprinkler manufacturer is the Fire Protection Products division of Tyco International.[citation needed]

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Fire sprinkler system - Wikipedia

In 1996, Dean Rodgers served active duty for the U.S. Air Force and was stationed in San Antonio, Texas.

We regularly had droughts because we had limited water, said Rodgers, who now is Amherst County's administrator. [The state] limited the amount of lawn water you could use during certain hours.

Rodgers would go to work on base at around 7:30 a.m. and said he didnt have time to run home and water his lawn during those hours.

Rodgers and a co-worker, William Dick, worked in the same office in the Air Force Center for Environmental Excellence.

Dick originally came up with the idea for a new sprinkler system and showed it to Rodgers, who suggested he attach a connector pipe to make it rotate, Rodgers said.

Rodgers said what makes the sprinkler system, dubbed Quick-Snap, different from others is that consumers never have to put it away.

It's an industrial-grade, professional sprinkler head, which are not available as end-of-hose sprinklers because they are designed to operate from buried piping, he said.

Buyers can snap a hose onto the Quick-Snap and water pressure pushes a riser up five inches above the ground. The stream spouts water 17 to 40 feet at 2.5 gallons per minute. The rotation can be set 40 to 360 degrees.

Rodgers said the sprinklers are similar to those contractors install but cost about $2,000 less because a contractor would have to put in the in-ground pipes and connections to have a pop-up sprinkler system.Retailers sell Quick-Snap products for between $20 to $40.

Rodgers has invested about $100,000 in the business but said he has yet to make money off the product because he pours all profits back into the business.

Each year it grows, so I have to buy more inventory, he said.

Quick-Snap sold about 500 products a year for the first 10 years, but now it sells about 5,000 to 6,000 a year around the world, Rodgers said.

Rodgers said he began by making a few sprinklers in his living room and selling them.

By the end of the summer, Dick said he couldnt keep doing it while he had a day job, but I said, Yeah I think I want to keep it going, and I may even get it patented.

Rodgers got permission from Dick and set up a licensing agreement; each year Rodgers sends Dick a royalty check. Rodgers patented the product three years later in 1999.

Ive been selling it ever since, he said. I spent years going to trade shows and trying to pitch it to big manufacturers.

Thats when Amazon.com, Sams Club and other retailers added Quick-Snap to their product lines.

Retailers are interested, but not manufacturers, Rodgers said. The in-ground sprinkler manufacturers see us as a threat to their customers the contractors who install in-ground systems. The end-of-hose sprinkler manufacturers consider Quick-Snaps as unmarketable because it would force their customers to dig a hole to use the product.

So, Rodgers manufactures the product himself. But with a busy life working as Amhersts County administrator, Rodgers said he is ready to sell the business.

It keeps me busy, he said. There are two or three hours every night bookkeeping in regards to sales and ordering parts and supplies, he said.

Sams Club now is running a market test of Quick-Snap sprinklers, buying 160 units for 25 stores, including the Lynchburg location.

They are going to see how well they sell, Rodgers said. Im hoping they sell so they will pick up the product and sell it again.

Though Sams Club wont release numbers on how well Rodgers product is selling, spokesperson Laura Poss said the retailer often tests new products.

Were certainly excited were getting to share a local product with that community and they can test it, she said.

She said Sams Club encourages people to bring in their products and talk to managers about getting them on shelves to see if theyre a good fit.

We make ourselves really available to other entrepreneurs to get their product on the shelves and start a conversation, she said.

She said there are several ways the future of Quick-Snap could go in Sams Club.

Its varied depending on what the product is, but there could be an opportunity to spread to that market if its successful, she said.

Link:
Amherst County administrator invented, patented sprinkler system - Lynchburg News and Advance

Irrigation sprinklers are sprinklers providing irrigation to agriculture, crops, vegetation, or for recreation, as a cooling system, or for the control of airborne dust, landscaping and golf courses. The sprinkler system irrigates the field and thus it is widely used in sandy areas as it checks the wastage of water through seepage and evaporation. Sprinkler irrigation is a method of applying irrigation water which is similar to natural rainfall. Water is distributed through a system of pipes usually by pumping. It is then sprayed into the air through sprinklers so that it breaks up into small water drops which fall to the ground. The pump supply system, sprinklers and operating conditions must be designed to enable a uniform application of water.

Sprinklers that spray in a fixed pattern are generally called sprays or spray heads. Sprays are not usually designed to operate at pressures , due to misting problems that may develop.

Higher pressure sprinklers that themselves move in a circle are driven by a ball drive, gear drive, or impact mechanism (impact sprinklers). These can be designed to rotate in a full or partial circle.

Rainguns are similar to impact sprinkler, except that they generally operate at very high pressures of 40 to 130lbf/in (275 to 900 kPa) and flows of 50 to 1200 US gal/min (3 to 76 L/s), usually with nozzle diameters in the range of 0.5 to 1.9inches (10 to 50mm). In addition to irrigation, guns are used for industrial applications such as dust suppression and logging.

Many irrigation sprinklers are buried in the ground along with their supporting plumbing, although above ground and moving sprinklers are also common. Most irrigation sprinklers operate through electric and hydraulic technology and are grouped together in zones that can be collectively turned on and off by actuating a solenoid-controlled valve.

Home lawn sprinklers vary widely in their size, cost, and complexity. They include impact sprinklers, oscillating sprinklers, drip sprinklers, and underground sprinkler systems. Small sprinklers are available at home and garden stores or hardware stores for small costs. These are often attached to an outdoor water faucet and are placed only temporarily. Other systems may be professionally installed permanently in the ground and are attached permanently to a home's plumbing system. An ingenious domestic sprinkler made by Nomad called a 'set-and-forget tractor sprinkler' was used in Australia in the 1950s. Water pressure ensured that the sprinkler slowly moved across a lawn.[1]

Permanently installed systems may often operate on timers or other automated processes. They are occasionally installed with retractable heads for aesthetic and practical reasons (making damage during lawn mowing or other maintenance less likely). These often are programmed to operate on a schedule and irrigate a piece of land in zones.[2]

Underground sprinklers function through means of basic electronic and hydraulic technology. This valve and all of the sprinklers that will be activated by this valve are known as a zone. Upon activation, the solenoid, which sits on top of the valve is magnetized lifting a small stainless steel plunger in its center. By doing this, the activated (or raised) plunger allows air to escape from the top of a rubber diaphragm located in the center of the valve. Water that has been charged and waiting on the bottom of this same diaphragm now has the higher pressure and lifts the diaphragm. This pressurized water is then allowed to escape down stream of the valve through a series of pipes, usually made of PVC (higher pressure commercial systems) or polyethylene pipe (for typically lower pressure residential systems). At the end of these pipes and flush to ground level (typically) are pre measured and spaced out sprinklers. These sprinklers can be fixed spray heads that have a set pattern and generally spray between 1.52m (715ft.), full rotating sprinklers that can spray a broken stream of water from 612m (2040ft.), or small drip emitters that release a slow, steady drip of water on more delicate plants such as flowers and shrubs. use of indigenous materials also recommended.[3]

Rotator style pivot applicator sprinkler

End Gun style pivot applicator sprinkler

The first use of sprinklers by farmers was some form of home and golf course type sprinklers. These ad hoc systems, while doing the job of the buried pipes and fixed sprinkler heads, interfered with cultivation and were expensive to maintain. In the 1950s a firm based in Portland, Oregon Stout-Wyss Irrigation System, developed the rolling pipe type irrigation system for farms that has become the most popular type for farmers irrigating large fields. With this system large wheels attached to the large pipes with sprinkler heads move slowly across the field.[4]

Most irrigation sprinklers are used as part of a sprinkler system, consisting of various plumbing parts, pump unit,[5] piping and control equipment. Outdoor sprinkler systems are sometimes used as a deterrent against homeless people. This sprinkler system was programmed to drench unsuspecting sleepers at random times during the night. Local businessmen soon copied this system in an effort to drive homeless people away from public sidewalks adjacent to their businesses.[6]

In 2014, it was reported that use of common garden hoses in combination with spray nozzles may generate aerosols containing droplets smaller than 10 m, which can be inhaled by nearby people. Water stagnating in a hose between uses, especially when warmed by the sun, can host the growth and interaction of Legionella and free-living amoebae (FLA) as biofilms on the inner surface of the hose. Clinical cases of Legionnaires' disease or Pontiac fever have been found to be associated with inhalation of garden hose aerosols containing Legionella bacteria. The report provides measured microbial densities resulting from controlled hose conditions in order to quantify the human health risks. The densities of Legionella spp. identified in two types of hoses were found to be similar to those reported during legionellosis outbreaks from other causes. It is proposed that the risk could be mitigated by draining hoses after use.[7]

An underground sprinkler system about to be installed

Irrigation sprinkler watering crops.

An oscillating sprinkler watering a lawn

An irrigation sprinkler in action

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Irrigation sprinkler - Wikipedia

The sprinkler system at the six-story, 83-unit Treadmark complex in Dorchester that went up in flames Wednesday remains the focus of a fire department probe, with the building owner claiming an inspection was set for yesterday.

Part of our investigation is what was operational and what wasnt, Boston Fire Department spokesman Steve MacDonald said last night. The fire was on the roof and sixth-floor only ... its all still part of our investigation.

Fire Commissioner Joe Finn added earlier yesterday that the sprinklers being offline was a major contributing factor to the fire that caused an estimated $45 million in damage.

Sprinkler systems are supposed to be turned on two floors below the work area for buildings under construction, Finn added.

Developer Jim Keefe of Trinity Financial said the sprinkler and life safety systems were installed and were slated to be tested (yesterday). They could not have been activated until approval was received.

The wood-frame apartment and condo block on Dorchester Avenue, which was nearing completion with units already under agreement, had condos listed for $339,000 to $539,000. MacDonald said the building is a total loss.

Mayor Martin J. Walsh said he was grateful no one was hurt in the fire and said he wanted more information before commenting on the buildings wood construction being a potential factor.

I dont know if theres a risk, theres thousands and thousands of these units built all over Massachusetts that we dont have an issue like this, Walsh said. Obviously with buildings made of wood, yeah, you have to be careful.

Keefe backed the wood framing, saying hes confident in this building methodology. He said no final decision has been made on the next step for the complex.

Many units in the building had already been rented or sold. Walsh said the city will set up an operation inside City Hall to work with any families who might have planned to move and were displaced.

Joe Dwinell and Dan Atkinson contributed to this report.

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Sprinkler system a focus in Dorchester fire probe - Boston Herald

Even with opposition from neighbors, the massive project to replace and widen parts I-70 in Denver will begin next year.

Anusha Roy, KUSA 10:12 PM. MDT June 26, 2017

(Photo: KUSA)

KUSA - Even with opposition from neighbors, the massive project to replace and widen parts I-70 in Denver will begin next year.

The Colorado Department of Transportation could spend around $5 million on a sprinkler system designed to put out fires on a certain section of the new road.

This is for a section of I-70 in the Elyria-Swansea neighborhood north of downtown.

RELATED:I-70 expansion given the green light despite neighborhood objections

RELATED:Feds sign off on $1.2B overhaul of I-70 across north Denver

The highway will drop 30 feet below ground from Columbine to Clayton, then crews will build a steel and concrete cover so that a park can go on top.

CDOT says they have to put in these sprinklers to comply with fire safety regulations for the roughly 1,000 feet that will be enclosed.

(Photo: KUSA)

"We are talking about heat detection systems, video cameras, a sprinkler system that can run 30 minutes of continuous water and then fill up stand pipes so when the fire department gets there they can have immediate access to water," CDOT's RebeccaWhite said.

Neighbors who are walking distance from the highway and opposed to the project now have more questions.

"I'm just worried about a deep hole and gathering so much water down there," Luis Gomez said.

CDOT says new drainage has to be built when lowering the interstate to make space for rain, melting snow and the sprinkler water. The technology doesn't come cheap.

"It's a lot more cost-effective to do it now than retrofit it," White said.

(Photo: KUSA)

The money was already part of the $1.2 billion budget, CDOT says.

"If we are rebuilding an interstate for public safety, we have to consider everything," White said.

The sprinkler system is similar to the one in the Eisenhower tunnel that cost $20 million, which covers a larger area.

CDOT says around a dozen cities have similar enclosed highways.

Construction is expected to start next year.

2017 KUSA-TV

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Sprinkler system in I-70 widening project could cost $5 million - 9News - 9NEWS.com

Most large fire disasters involve some type of code violation or human error, and the Grenfell Tower fire may be no exception. Much attention is being focused on the fact that the aluminum-clad panels used on the exterior of the building contained a combustible plastic core. Although the aluminum cladding was intended to prevent casual ignition of the panels, the exposure from the fire inside the building reportedly ignited the exterior assembly, causing the fire to spread rapidly.

However, according to fire protection engineer Russ Fleming, who serves as the managing director of the International Fire Sprinkler Association (IFSA), "automatic fire sprinkler systems have a unique ability to make up for a wide range of other fire deficiencies." He points out that in the 1990s, the U.S. General Services Administration asked the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) to study the capabilities of automatic fire sprinkler systems and the level of protection that could be expected. NIST reported back three fundamental capabilities. The first was the ability to prevent the room of fire origin from proceeding to flashover, a phenomenon in which all combustibles are ignited. The second was the ability of sprinklers to limit a fire to a maximum size not exceeding 1 MW, roughly the peak burning rate of a single upholstered chair. The third was the ability of sprinklers to prevent flames from leaving the room of fire origin. Fleming notes that "If an automatic fire sprinkler system had been in place to intervene, the Grenfell Tower fire should never have reached the building exterior." This view is supported by a report on combustible exterior cladding published in 2014 by the National Fire Protection Research Foundation, which contained the statement "It is concluded that sprinkler systems are likely to have an effect on the risk of interior fires spreading tothe external wall to become exterior wall fires."

The capability of automatic fire sprinkler systems is now being recognized in the UK in the aftermath of the Grenfell fire tragedy. Although the national government has not yet acted, individual towns and cities have already announced plans to retrofit their public housing tower blocks with sprinkler systems. These include Birmingham (213 tower blocks), Croydon (25 tower blocks), Sheffield (24 tower blocks) and Stoke-on-Trent (16 tower blocks). While it is an unfortunate fact of fire protection that progress is most often made in the wake of tragedies, the IFSA applauds the action of these communities for their decisive move toward improved safety for their citizens.

For more information about the International Fire Sprinkler Association (IFSA) visit http://www.firesprinkler.global - our vision remains for us to be the worldwide center for information on automatic water-based fire suppression systems and the leader in advancing the widespread use of such systems.

Contact:Vickie Pritchett615-533-0305

To view the original version on PR Newswire, visit:http://www.prnewswire.com/news-releases/new-findings-show-sprinkler-system-could-have-prevented-london-tragedy-300479825.html

SOURCE International Fire Sprinkler Association

http://www.firesprinkler.global

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New Findings Show Sprinkler System Could Have Prevented London Tragedy - PR Newswire (press release)

BBC News

No sprinklers in 300 Scottish tower blocks - BBC News BBC News Thousands of homes in tower blocks across Scotland do not have potentially life-saving sprinkler systems, a BBC Scotland investigation has found. There are no ... Expert says installing sprinkler systems into hundreds of Scottish ...The Scottish Sun Scottish Government urged to fund sprinkler systems in 300 high-risesiNews Scottish Government urged to install sprinkler systems to more than 300 tower blocksHerald Scotland Glasgow Live -International Business Times UK all 12 news articles »

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No sprinklers in 300 Scottish tower blocks - BBC News - BBC News

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Divide the areas into rectangles (if possible) of about 1200 square feet each. These will be your "zones", or areas which will be watered as a unit. Larger areas will require special heads and a higher volume of water than you can normally get from a residential water system.

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Chose the appropriate sprinkler heads to cover your zone, using pop-up impulse or gear driven heads for wide grassy areas, shrub heads or bubblers for shrubs and flowers, and fixed pop-up heads for locations adjoining buildings or paved areas like driveways and streets.

4

Mark the location of each head in accordance with the spraying distance of the heads you choose. Rain Bird R-50's, a common good quality head, will spray an arc, semicircle, or full circle about 2530 feet (7.69.1m) in diameter, so heads can be placed about 45 feet (13.7m) apart to allow some overlap.

5

Count the number of heads you use on a zone, and add the gallon per minute volume for each one. You should find the typical gear drive head can be rated from 1.5 gpm to 4 gpm, depending on the nozzle diameter. Fixed pop-ups generally run about 1 gpm. Add the total of gpm of the zone's heads, and use this number to size your pipe. As a rule of thumb, a zone with 5-7 heads should require about 12-15 gpm, with the water pressure supplied at a minimum of 20 psi (pounds per square inch). To supply this zone you will need a one inch main pipe (line), with 34 or 12 inch (1.9 or 1.3cm) branch lines from your main.

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How to Install a Sprinkler System (with Pictures) - wikiHow

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Why settle for second best when you can have the sprinkler by which everything else is measured. The PGP is Hunters original product, the item that put the company on the map in 1981. Its excepti...

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Lawn Sprinklers HQ - Sprinkler System Parts | Backflow ...