TORONTO While most homeowners dont give much thought to whats behind their walls, proper insulation is of key importance to having a comfortable, healthy home. Besides keeping your home warm in the winter and cool in the summer, insulation can help lower your energy bills, prevent mold growth and also keep unwanted noise out.

Insulation helps keep outdoor air from getting inside your home and conditioned indoor air from escaping. This is achieved by trapping pockets of air and slowing down the in/out process.

In winter, heat flows directly from all heated living spaces to adjacent unheated attics, garages, basements, and even to the outdoors, the U.S. Department of Energy states on its website. Heat flow can also move indirectly through interior ceilings, walls, and floors wherever there is a difference in temperature. During the cooling season, heat flows from the outdoors to the interior of a house.

The Canada Housing and Mortgage Corporation (CMHC) compares a properly insulated house to dressing for the weather.

A wool sweater will keep you warm if the wind is not blowing and it is not raining. On a windy, rainy day, wearing a nylon shell over your wool sweater helps keep you reasonably dry and warm. A house is similar, the CMHC website says. On the outside, underneath the brick or siding, there is an air barrier that does the same thing as the nylon it keeps the wind from blowing through. Then there is the insulation (like your sweater) and a vapour barrier, which helps keep moisture away from the house structure where it can do damage.

Insulation is rated based on a measurement of resistance the material has to the movement of heat. This is most commonly referred to as an R-value. The higher the R-value the more effective the insulation is. Local building codes list recommended R-values for each area of your house (these R-values are required for new construction). Improper installation of insulation can lower the R-value of the material you are using so its a good idea to follow the manufacturers instructions or hire a professional to do the installation.

Cold floors and walls in the winter and hot inside air in the summer, mold growth, high energy bills and uneven heating or ineffective cooling are all signs of a poorly insulated home, according to the CMHC.

There are many different types of insulation available. The type you use depends on where youre insulating or what R-value you require. Below is a rundown of the most common types of insulation used in homes these days.

Fibreglass: This is the pink stuff most people think of when they think insulation. Fibreglass in batts is available at most home improvementcentres and is easy to install, offering an R-value of 3.0 3.7 per inch, according to the CMHC. Loose-fill fibreglass is also available, but requires to be blown into the space youre insulating and should be installed only by a professional in order to get the most benefit from it.

Mineral fibre: Like fibreglass, mineral fibre in batts is easy to work with and available at most home improvementcentres (this is usually a sturdier material with a brownish colour). While mineral fibre has a lower R-value (2.8 3.7 per inch, according to the CMHC), benefits include better fire resistance and sound-proofing capabilities. Loose-fill mineral fibre is also available, but like loose-fill fibreglass, it should be installed only by a professional as well.

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AT A GLANCE Features of the new training center include: - Portable models that simulate rooms of a house demonstrate proper and improper construction techniques. - One model demonstrates actual fire damage. - The model home features dozens of cutaway sections, showing wiring, materials and plumbing behind the walls. - One room of the house is built to be flooded.

It began three years ago with a modest suggestion.

Erie Insurance had been buying up old homes in its eastside neighborhood, and Greg Paige and Chris Zimmer, both vice presidents with Erie County's second largest employer, wondered if the company could re-purpose an old house on East Sixth Street into a learning laboratory for claims adjusters.

The specifics of that idea would ultimately be discarded.

But the vision that grew from that spark is due to be unveiled today -- and it's a long way from the original plan.

The company has invested millions in the new Erie Insurance Technical Learning Center, a 52,000-square-foot facility on East Seventh Street between French and Holland streets that Erie Insurance believes is unique in both size and scope in the U.S. insurance industry.

"This is state of the art," said Chip Dufala, executive vice president of services for Erie Insurance. "We are not aware of anyone having a facility of this caliber."

Behind the brick and steel facade is a 14-bay auto shop with alignment equipment, classrooms, paint booth and prep areas, where adjusters can brush up on auto body repair skills or learn the latest about aluminum body panels.

At the west end of the building is something more unexpected. Inside the training center, which adjoins the company's new parking garage, is a two-story 3,000-square foot house built to train adjusters about property damage.

This gleaming, cavernous building, announced in July 2013, has a simple purpose: It's a training ground for claims adjusters and would-be claims adjusters from across the Erie Insurance footprint, which includes 13 states and the District of Columbia.

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Training ground: Erie Insurance unveils massive new facility

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