The Second Punic War, also referred to as The Hannibalic War, (by the Romans) The War Against Hannibal, or "The Carthaginian War", lasted from 218 to 201 BC[1] and involved combatants in the western and eastern Mediterranean. This was the second major war between Carthage and the Roman Republic, with the crucial participation of Numidian-Berber armies and tribes on both sides. The two states had three major conflicts against each other over the course of their existence. They are called the "Punic Wars" because Rome's name for Carthaginians was Poeni, derived from Poenici (earlier form of Punici), a reference to the founding of Carthage by Phoenician settlers.[2][3]

The war was to a considerable extent initiated by Rome[citation needed] , but is marked by Hannibal's surprising overland journey and his costly crossing of the Alps, followed by his reinforcement by Gallic allies and crushing victories over Roman armies in the battle of the Trebia and the giant ambush at Trasimene. In the following year (216), Hannibal's army defeated the Romans again, this time in southern Italy at Cannae. In consequence of these defeats, many Roman allies went over to Carthage, prolonging the war in Italy for over a decade. Against Hannibal's skill on the battlefield, the Romans deployed the Fabian strategy. Roman forces were more capable in siegecraft than the Carthaginians and recaptured all of the major cities that had joined the enemy, as well as defeating a Carthaginian attempt to reinforce Hannibal at the battle of the Metaurus. In the meantime, in Iberia, which served as the main source of manpower for the Carthaginian army, a second Roman expedition under Publius Cornelius Scipio Africanus Major took Carthago Nova by assault and ended Carthaginian rule over Iberia in the battle of Ilipa. The final showdown was the Battle of Zama in Africa between Scipio Africanus and Hannibal, resulting in the latter's defeat and the imposition of harsh peace conditions on Carthage, which ceased to be a major power and became a Roman client-state.

A sideshow of this war was the indecisive First Macedonian War in the Eastern Mediterranean and the Ionian Sea.

All battles mentioned in the introduction are ranked among the most costly traditional battles of human history; in addition, there were a few successful ambushes of armies that also ended in their annihilation.

The Second Punic War was fought between Carthage and Rome and was ignited by the dispute over the hegemony of Saguntum, a Hellenized Iberian coastal city with diplomatic contacts with Rome.[4] After great tension within the city government, culminating in the assassination of the supporters of Carthage, Hannibal laid siege to the city of Saguntum in 219 BC. The city called for Roman aid, but the pleas fell on deaf ears. Following a prolonged siege and a bloody struggle, in which Hannibal himself was wounded and the army practically destroyed, the Carthaginians finally took control of the city. Many of the Saguntians chose to commit suicide rather than face subjugation by the Carthaginians.

Before the war, Rome and Hasdrubal the Fair had made a treaty. Livy reports that it was agreed that the Iber should be the boundary between the two empires and that the liberty of the Saguntines should be preserved.[5]:21.13

The Carthaginian army in Iberia, excluding the forces in Africa, totaled, according to Polybius, 90,000 infantry, 12,000 cavalry and 37 war elephants:[6] it was thus one of the largest in the Hellenistic world and equal in numbers to any that the Romans had yet fielded. Hannibal departed with this army from New Carthage (Cartagena, Spain) northwards along the coast in late spring of 218 BC. At the Ebro, he split the army into three columns and subdued the tribes from there to the Pyrenees within weeks, but with severe losses. At the Pyrenees, he left a detachment of 11,000 Iberian troops, who showed reluctance to leave their homeland, as a garrison for the newly conquered region.[7] Hannibal reportedly entered Gaul with 50,000 infantry and 9,000 cavalry. He took his army by an inland route,[4] avoiding the Roman allies along the coast. In Gaul, negotiations helped him to move unmolested except for the Battle of Rhone Crossing, where a force of the Allobroges unsuccessfully tried to oppose his 38,000 infantry (that number may exclude light infantry), 8,000 cavalry, and 37 war elephants from the other shore.[8]

In the meantime, a Roman fleet with an invasion force was underway to northern Iberia. Its commanders, the brothers Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus and Publius Cornelius Scipio, knew that Hannibal had crossed the Ebro, but were surprised by the Carthaginian army's presence at the Rhone upstream of their ally Massalia, where they had landed. A scouting party of 300 cavalry was sent to discover the whereabouts of the enemy.[4] These eventually defeated a Carthaginian scouting troop of 500 mounted Numidians and chased them back to their main camp. Thus, with knowledge of the location of the enemy, the Romans marched upstream, ready for battle. Hannibal evaded this force and by an unknown route reached (the Isre or the Durance) the foot of the Alps in autumn.[4] He also received messengers from his Gallic allies in Italy that urged him to come to their aid and offered to guide him over the Alps. Before setting out to cross the Alps, he was re-supplied by a native tribe, some of whose hereditary disputes he had helped solve.

The first Roman expedition to Iberia was unable to bring the Carthaginian troops in the hinterland of Massalia to a pitched battle, so it continued on its way to northern Iberia under Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus, a move which proved decisive for the outcome of the war. Their other commander, Publius Cornelius Scipio, returned to Rome, realizing the danger of an invasion of Italy where the tribes of the Boii and Insubres were already in revolt. After 217 BC, he also traveled to Iberia.

In Iberia, Carthaginian rule was not popular, but Roman inaction during the siege of Saguntum had made the natives cautious about an alliance against their masters. Gnaeus Cornelius Scipio Calvus established his headquarters at Cissa, in the midst of Hannibal's latest acquisition, the area between Ebro and Pyrenees. Despite initial setbacks, he won increasing support among the natives. This convinced the Carthaginian commander Hanno, the nephew of Hannibal, to accept pitched battle before his troops had been united with the army under Hasdrubal, the brother of Hannibal, despite being outnumbered 2 to 1. The result was a Roman victory in the battle of Cissa in 218 BC. When Hasdrubal finally made it to the scene, he was in no position to fight the Roman army and merely caught their navy personnel off-guard, killing some of them in the process.

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Second Punic War - Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

In all, Blue Jays pitchers retired 18 straight Phillies batters before Darin Ruf singled with one out in the seventh.

The Blue Jays scratched out a run in the top of the second after Phillies starter Jerome Williams started the inning by hitting Justin Smoak with a pitch and Dalton Pompey beat out an infield hit on a slow roller up the middle.

Dayan Viciedo followed by grounding into a double play but Kevin Pillar's two-out single drove in Smoak for the first run of the game.

TOR@PHI: Pillar smacks a single to an take early lead

3/7/15: Kevin Pillar hits an RBI single into left field and the Blue Jays take an early 1-0 lead

Donaldson, acquired from the Athletics, added to Toronto's lead by leading off the fourth with a home run against David Buchanan, who is competing for a spot in the Phillies rotation.

Williams has been penciled into the Phillies rotation after going 4-2, 2.83 ERA in nine starts after being claimed on waivers from the Rangers last year.

Earlier in the season he'd been released by the Astros. Buchanan is competing for the fifth spot with Kevin Slowey and Miguel Alfredo Gonzalez.

"I just wanted to come in [on Smoak] and got too far in," said Williams, who was extended to three innings. "And the base hit through the hole, I just didn't locate it. So, it's back to the drawing board. Go out there and practice it."

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Donaldson's bat helps lead Buehrle, Blue Jays to victory

In all, Blue Jays pitchers retired 18 straight Phillies batters before Darin Ruf singled with one out in the seventh.

The Blue Jays scratched out a run in the top of the second after Phillies starter Jerome Williams started the inning by hitting Justin Smoak with a pitch and Dalton Pompey beat out an infield hit on a slow roller up the middle.

Dayan Viciedo followed by grounding into a double play but Kevin Pillar's two-out single drove in Smoak for the first run of the game.

Donaldson, acquired from the Athletics, added to Toronto's lead by leading off the fourth with a home run against David Buchanan, who is competing for a spot in the Phillies rotation.

Williams has been penciled into the Phillies rotation after going 4-2, with a 2.83 ERA in nine starts after being claimed on waivers from the Rangers last year.

Earlier in the season he'd been released by the Astros. Buchanan is competing for the fifth spot with Kevin Slowey and Miguel Alfredo Gonzalez.

"I just wanted to come in [on Smoak] and got too far in," said Williams, who was extended to three innings. "And the base hit through the hole, I just didn't locate it. So, it's back to the drawing board. Go out there and practice it."

Jonathan Papelbon, the Phillies closer who has been connected to the Blue Jays in trade rumors, made his spring debut in the sixth. After giving up a leadoff single to Russell Martin, he struck out Danny Valencia and Smoak before getting Pompey to fly out to end the inning.

TOR@PHI: Papelbon strikes out Valencia swinging

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Papelbon makes successful spring debut to back Williams

March 4, 2015 - American Hockey League (AHL) Utica Comets UTICA, N.Y. - The Utica Comets (33-18-5-1) needed a shoot out on Wednesday night as they defeated the Rochester Americans (24-29-5-1) in a six-round shootout at The Utica Memorial Auditorium for their first shootout-win of the season, which brought an end to their three-game losing streak.

Bobby Sanguinetti (1-0-1) found the night's game winning goal in the shootout along with the second Comets goal of the game. The Comets most recent additions, Cory Conacher (0-1-1), and Sven Baertschi (0-1-1), both found a point in their first game with the Utica hockey club.

The Comets started off the first period hot and heavy with a multitude of offensive pressure within the first few minutes. The back of the net was eventually found at 10:52 after Alex Friesen made a pass from the corner that met Andrey Pedan just above the slot. Pedan sniped one on Matt Hackett's blocker side and pinged off both posts before landing in the net for the 1-0 lead.

A two-goal lead was achieved at the end of period after Bobby Sanguinetti was set up at the blue line from a pass along the left boards from the Comets most recent addition, Baertschi. A shot from the blue line snuck past Hackett for a power-play goal that made it 2-0 at 18:41.

Despite having outshot the Americans 12-5 in the second period, Rochester found the only goal of the period at 8:58 to keep the game within one. A modest wrist shot from Mikhail Grigorenko slinked past the glove side of Joacim Eriksson with assists going to William Carrier and Chad Ruhwedel.

The Americans didn't make the game any easier for the Comets once they found the equalizer halfway into the third stanza. Brodie Reid guided the puck into the net to make it 2-2 after an awkward bounce off the backboards pulled Eriksson out of position.

A slew of overtime drama led to a six-round shootout. Rochester's Jerome Leduc found the back of the net in the fourth round immediately after Alexandre Grenier deked one past Hackett. Sanguinetti eventually found the game-winner in the sixth round secure the two points and the 3-2 win the Comets had been so desperately craving all game.

It's off to Hamilton, Ontario as the Comets prepare to face the Bulldogs this Saturday as they begin their five-game road trip.

Three Stars: 1. UTI Bobby Sanguinetti (1 Goal, 1 Shootout Goal) 2. UTI Cal O'Reilly 3. RCH William Carrier (2 Assists)

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Comets Take Down Amerks in a Shootout

There was cautious optimism among the travelling Albion fans that made their way to Airdie to take on the Diamonds at the Excelsior Stadium.

This came on the back of a much improved performance against Brechin City the previous weekend, as well as the welcome addition of reinforcements in the form of loan signings Andy Stirling and Adam Cummins.

Andy Stirling joined from Dunfermline, a proven SPFL League One winger who Bino fans hope will provide goal scoring opportunities which have been sorely lacking up front this season.

Highly rated young defender Adam Cummins joined from Motherwell, the twenty-one year old facing the unenviable task of fixing a defence which has leaked goals for much of this years campaign.

Both started the weekend game, and this optimism was justified instantly with Albion taking an early lead after just three minutes when Ross McGeachie turned in Lewis Coult's header after it rebounded off the post.

Confidence almost seemed high amongst McLarens boys, who held on, albeit by the skin of their teeth, until half time and looked set to gain at least a vital away point in the scrap to avoid relegation.

However, the new additions couldnt help the Binos slumping to the familiar story of their season so far.

Some shambolic defending led to a collapse in the second half, with Albion keeper Paterson harshly adjudged to have brought down James Lister resulting in a penalty, which was duly dispatched by Bryan Prunty.

Airdrieonians then proceeded to fire in another three in just twenty-five minutes to comfortably take the three points, with a double from Lister and another Prunty effort leaving Stirling once again staring down the barrel of relegation.

The only highlight of the second half for the travelling Albion fans was the welcome sight of returning striker Darren Smith, who made his first appearance for four months late on. Even this was tempered though as it was too late for him to ever turn the tide of the match.

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Our new Stirling Albion blogger Ben Ramage reflects on Binos relegation fight

WASHINGTON -

A 10-year-old Maryland boy's biggest dream came true Monday night, and his story has already melted the hearts of millions around the world. For Christopher Warner, this night is all about one thing: Maroon 5.

FOX 5 first introduced you to Christopher last week. He has Down syndrome, but in many ways, he's just like every other kid -- including in his taste in music. His favorite band on the planet is Maroon 5, and of course, they're playing at the Verizon Center in D.C. Monday night.

Adam Levine's band has truly captured Christopher's heart, but on this night, he was sure to capture theirs. Christopher met his idols backstage before the show, and to say he could hardly wait would be a huge understatement.

When Christopher finally met the band backstage, he was really excited! Actually, a little TOO excited. He had a bit of a panic attack. But Maroon 5 took it in stride, so the whole band, his mother and Intern John of The Kane Show all laid down with Christopher for this heartwarming picture!

Christopher even got a pair of drumsticks from the drummer of Maroon 5 after the meet and greet!

This all started when his teachers and classmates at West Friendship Elementary School in West Friendship, Md. became well aware of his love for the band. Christopher did a writing project on Maroon 5, and even sung one of their songs, "One More Night," at the school's karaoke event.

Oh, and he sings. Over and over and over -- and it's adorable. Christopher's teachers made a YouTube video showing his love for Maroon 5 and sent it to FOX 5 and The Kane Show on D.C. radio station Hot 99.5. The Kane Show used their contacts to help get him in the show, and backstage.

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Md. boy's dream comes true as he meets Maroon 5 at DC concert

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This photo provided by courtesy of The Monacelli Press shows the living room looking into the kitchen in the Celanese House, by architect, Edward Durell Stone (1957) , from the book, "Midcentury Houses Today," published by The Monacelli Press. In the years after World War II, when suburban towns were still the country, this village an hour north of Manhattan became an epicenter of Modernist architecture and a birthplace of then-radical concepts like family rooms, floor-to-ceiling windows and open-plan living. The new book looks at how 16 New Canaan homes from that influential era have continued to evolve. (AP Photo/The Monacelli Press, Michael Biondo)

NEW CANAAN, Conn. - In the years after World War II, when suburban towns were still "the country," this unassuming village an hour north of Manhattan became an epicenter of modernist architecture, and a birthplace of then-radical concepts like family rooms, floor-to-ceiling windows and open-plan living.

Since then, the surviving homes have continued to evolve, a transformation explored in a new book that looks at 16 of New Canaan's 91 remaining homes from this influential era.

"These homes were meant to be truly modern, to adapt. Preservation is about keeping the character while allowing these homes to move on," said architect Cristina A. Ross, who with architect Jeffrey Matz, photographer Michael Biondo and graphic designer Lorenzo Ottaviani produced the book, "Midcentury Houses Today" (Monacelli Press, 2014).

In New Canaan, she said, "the concentration of homes and the number of surviving houses to this day is incredibly unique."

Through photos, detailed floor plans and time lines, and the voices of architects, builders and occupants, the book traces the original structures and subsequent additions, devoting a full chapter to each home.

Unlike the modernist architecture of the Midwest, New Canaan's modernist homes directly reflect the principles of the Bauhaus school of design in Germany, established by architect Walter Gropius. When the Nazi regime closed down the Bauhaus in the 1930s, Gropius became chairman of the architecture department at the Graduate School of Design at Harvard. He was later joined by Marcel Breuer. Together, the two passed on their esthetic emphasizing volume; large areas of glass juxtaposed by blank walls; flat roofs; freedom from architectural ornamentation to students and associates.

Breuer, Eliot Noyes, Landis Gores, Philip Johnson and John Johansen, all early promulgators of modernism in New Canaan, became known as the Harvard Five. They moved to New Canaan, near the last stop on the commuter rail line and near the newly constructed Merritt Parkway. Land was cheap and plentiful enough to allow for new experiments in architecture. They were soon joined there by architects Victor Christ-Janer, John Black Lee and others.

"They were experimenting, and they were fast and furiously creating the way they felt people should be living," said Ross. "They were designing the offices for IBM, for big corporations, and people became so enamoured of the work environment that many CEOs wanted to bring that streamlining and flow to their home life."

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Midcentury modern in modern times: Pioneering homes become classics and continue to evolve

Sarasota, Fla. (PRWEB) March 03, 2015

GeniusCentral Systems, Inc., a leading provider of enterprise software solutions, today announced two new additions to its team: Mark Tone, Senior Vice President of Human Resources and Chief Administrative Officer and Tyler Parramore, Senior Vice President of Corporate Development and General Counsel.

Tones role includes managing personnel and administrative matters at GeniusCentral. He joins the team from IMG Academy in Bradenton, Fla., where he was the Vice President of Human Resources and Corporate Affairs. Prior to joining IMG in 2011, he spent 20 years in Chicago, working for a large privately-held company. For the first ten years, he worked in corporate legal department, and in the second ten years, he worked as General Counsel and head of HR for the companys largest subsidiary.

Originally from Cedar Rapids, Iowa, Tone graduated from Coe College with a B.A. in Economics and Political Science. He received a J.D. from the New York University School of Law.

Mark brings incredible energy to the office, and he will serve as a great source for getting the right people on our staff, said John Miles, President and CEO. His extensive experience and leadership will play a vital role in shaping our company culture and building our Brand on a local and national level.

Parramores role will include development and implementation of corporate strategy and oversight on legal matters. He was a business transnational attorney at the international law firm Foley & Lardner LLP since 2010. While there, Parramore advised emerging and established public and private companies in connection with commercial business transactions, mergers and acquisitions, financing activities and strategic business counseling. Florida Super Lawyers named him a Rising Star for his merger and acquisition work in 2014.

Prior to Foley & Lardner, Parramore was an investment banking analyst at BGR Capital & Trade, a Washington, D.C.-based boutique investment bank. He received his undergraduate and law degrees from the University of Florida and serves on the board of directors for Starting Right, Now! Pinellas County, a non-profit organization dedicated to helping homeless high school students lead healthy lives.

Tylers focus, background and talents are an excellent complement to the executive staff at GeniusCentral, Miles said. He will be instrumental in discovering the right business opportunities, partnerships and strategies to fuel our growth.

###

About GeniusCentral Systems, Inc. GeniusCentral designs and develops the only integrated retail and supplier software platforms in the natural and organic industry. The companys mission is to optimize inventory velocity through better buying and smarter selling. Since 1999, GeniusCentral, formerly Living Naturally, has developed software for the natural and organic industry and is positioned as the hub that streamlines product flow between suppliers and retailers through to consumers.

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GeniusCentral Grows Executive Staff with Two New Hires

About a month ago my friends started to discuss hosting a book study to encourage each other and blog readers to dig a little deeper with our students... to cultivate higher-level thinking...to get our students more involved and engaged. Well, I'll be the first to admit that I was all, "I'm too busy to read a book." I was hesitant to start because I didn't want to over-commit myself. But the pressure got to me even though no one said a word about my non-involvement! I just couldn't pass up the opportunity to join some of my favorite friends AND grow my knowledge as a teacher. So after a few weeks, I ordered the book Worksheets Don't Grow Dendrites and started to get my read on. And, let me tell you... I'm so glad I did! There's just no way you can walk away from a visit at RCA and continue to be mediocre. You know that you need to make a change, but you need guidance. Well, this book (along with books I'm reading by Ron Clark) has helped give me the ideas of what to change in my classroom. The strategies they include are so helpful and add a lot to your teacher toolkit!

So, let's dig in and discuss!

Strategy One: Brainstorming and Discussion

Talking is a HUGE part in my classroom. Now, this has not always been the case in my classroom. If you would have visited my room in the first four years of teaching you would have seen kids working independently and me shushing them constantly. Of course we would have class discussions and reading groups where we talked to each other, but my students hardly ever completed tasks with someone else. Fast forward to my 5th year of teaching. I started teaching 2nd grade in the Dual Language program. It is a requirement for students to have a partner, to sit with that partner at all times, and to complete the majority of classroom tasks together. So, I was kinda forced to changed my teaching techniques and I'm so thankful for that!!! My classroom is NOT quiet by any means, but my students are constantly learning from each other. Do they argue? yes! Do they get off topic? absolutely! But, through lots of modeling and practicing they do know how to share the work, discuss before working/writing, and hold meaningful conversations with all students in the class.

Here's what I'm working on/trying out as a result of reading this chapter...

Letting my students be the teacher more often...now, I've always done this occasionally, but sometimes I get to talking and I don't shut up, ha! Here's what I did this week. I had my students turn and talk to their partner about every step of solving a problem. Since we had just learned how to subtract 3-digit numbers, it was crucial that they knew and understood the process. We had to get the steps down. As they were discussing, I was watching to see who worked the best together. I chose a partner group to explain what they did to the class.

You better bet that the next go round every single group was discussing, solving, and writing in sync with one another. They all looked like model students because they wanted to be the teacher! After the first round I could have easily picked any of my partner groups to be the teacher!!

You'll notice the change from the beginning of the year here. Below I just had one student go up at a time... which was great, but adding in that peer discussion component made a HUGE difference!

Another way I want to improve is discussing our reflections more. I was actually really on top of this at the beginning of the year, but I've slacked off a lot lately! It makes me sad because I would so enjoy our share time and would often send parents videos and pictures of their children sharing their writing. This is my goal for the rest of the year...incorporate more sharing when it comes to our writing (and we write across all subject areas) I also really enjoyed the sentence starters and ideas that the book included for students who are struggling with sharing/answering questions.

Strategy Two: Drawing and Artwork

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Step into 2nd Grade with Mrs. Lemons

By Dalton Johnson

The sport that never sleeps is finally inching towards actual games, which means before we know it, the same faces will be sporting new baseball uniforms in new places. Spring training is underway in both Arizona and Florida, two of a handful of states that havent frozen over, with a wide amount of shakeup between the American and National League from last year. Max Scherzer, James Shields, and Jon Lester will be now be making fools of batters in the already pitching-heavy National League. Over in the American League, Adam LaRoche, Hanley Ramirez, and Pablo Sandoval will look to launch balls in their new hitter-dominating league.

Between the two leagues, there is no clear-cut winner of who changed the most in a positive way. Only time will tell as a sleeper team such as the rectified San Diego Padres could be this years Kansas City Royals. Even without an early winner of the two leagues, there were certainly plenty of change between the two with a bevy of key offseason additions.

Key Addition Notes

1. Houston Astros

AP Photo Oakland Athletics shortstop Jed Lowrie reaches to stop an infield single hit by Texas Rangers' Adrian Beltre in the eighth inning of a baseball game on July 25, 2014 in Arlington, Texas. Key Additions (5): Jed Lowrie, Colby Rasmus, Evan Gattis, Luis Valbuena, Luke Gregerson

The Astros have entered that awkward stage of still being young and a couple years away from truly contending while adding veteran players to halfway compete in the highly competitive AL West. They added power with Gattis (whoshould destroy the short porch in left-field) and Rasmus. Lowrie is back in Houston where he spent one season with the team in 2012 and saw an increase in power, hitting 16 home runs, compared to only his six long balls last season.

The two mystery acquisitions are Gregerson and Valbuena. In his only season with the Oakland As, Gregerson continued his dominance out of the bullpen, giving up only 17 earned runs in 72 innings, but that was not in the role that he is projected to carry with the Astros. With no bonafide closer, Gregerson is the favorite to take over the spot as the everyday closer, but only has 19 saves in his career with just three last season. Valbuena is a different. After a good, but not great season with the Chicago Cubs, Valbuena was pushed out the door with Kris Bryant racing through the minor leagues. The job is his to lose right now after Matt Dominguez had one of the worst seasons in baseball last year, but Dominguez is a former first-round pick with power potential at only 24 years old.

Houstons offseason additions keep them in that awkward stage and show that they are moving towards a mindset of contending sooner rather than later.

2. Los Angeles Angels

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30 key offseason moves, covering every MLB team