GTA IV - Mission #81 - Pest Control (1080p)
Grand Theft Auto IV is a 2008 open world action-adventure video game developed by Rockstar North, and published by Rockstar Games. It was released on 29 Apri...

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Best Commercial Pest Control Company in FL NY
Best Commercial Pest Control Company in FL NY 1 877 ASK- TORO ( 1 877 275-8676) http://www.toropest.com Our Integrated Pest Management services use state o...

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Best Commercial Pest Control Company in FL & NY - Video

IMAGE:Feeding experiment with different potato leaves: Detached leaves of unmodified plants were compared to plants with an altered chloroplast genome. First instar larvae were fed on these leaves for three... view more

Credit: Sher Afzal Khan, Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology

Colorado potato beetles are a dreaded pest of potatoes all over the world. Since they do not have natural enemies in most potato producing regions, farmers try to control them with pesticides. However, this strategy is often ineffective because the pest has developed resistances against nearly all insecticides. Now, scientists from the Max Planck Institutes of Molecular Plant Physiology in Potsdam-Golm and Chemical Ecology in Jena have shown that potato plants can be protected from herbivory using RNA interference (RNAi). They genetically modified plants to enable their chloroplasts to accumulate double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) targeted against essential beetle genes. (Science, February 2015).

RNA interference (RNAi) is a type of gene regulation that naturally occurs in eukaryotes. In plants, fungi and insects it also is used for protection against certain viruses. During infection, many viral pathogens transfer their genetic information into the host cells as double-stranded RNA (dsRNA). Replication of viral RNA leads to high amounts of dsRNA which is recognized by the host's RNAi system and chopped up into smaller RNA fragments, called siRNAs (small interfering RNAs). The cell then uses siRNAs to detect and destroy the foreign RNA.

But the RNAi mechanism can also be exploited to knock down any desired gene, by tailoring dsRNA to target the gene's messenger RNA (mRNA). When the targeted mRNA is destroyed, synthesis of the encoded protein will be diminished or blocked completely. Targeting an essential gene of a crop pest can turn dsRNA into a precise and potent insecticide.

Some crop plants have recently been engineered by modifying their nuclear genomes to produce dsRNA against certain insects. This never resulted in full protection from herbivory", says Ralph Bock of the Max Planck Institute of Molecular Plant Physiology, because the plant's own RNAi system prevents the accumulation of sufficient amounts of dsRNA. We wanted to circumvent this problem by producing dsRNA in the chloroplasts instead". These organelles, which perform photosynthesis in green plants, are descendants of formerly free-living cyanobacteria, which are prokaryotes that lack an RNAi system. Presuming that chloroplasts would accumulate high amounts of dsRNA, the scientists in Ralph Bock's group decided to generate so-called transplastomic plants. In such plants, the chloroplast genome is the target of genetic modification instead of the nuclear genome.

To test this system on a real insect pest, the scientists chose the Colorado potato beetle. This little striped beetle was introduced into Europe accidentally at the end of the 19th century. Nowadays, it is a worldwide pest and can cause massive damage in agriculture. Besides potato leaves the adult beetle and its larvae also feed on other nightshade crops, like tomato, bell pepper and tobacco. The pest is difficult to control because of the widespread occurrence of insecticide resistance. By using chloroplast transformation we generated potato plants that accumulate high amounts of long stable dsRNAs targeting essential genes in the beetle", says Ralph Bock.

The efficacy of the dsRNAs as an insecticide was tested at the Max Planck Institute for Chemical Ecology in Jena. Larvae were fed on detached potato leaves and the mortality was monitored for nine days. The leaves were taken from transplastomic dsRNA plants, conventional transgenic dsRNA plants with a modified nuclear genome, and unmodified plants. For comparison, dsRNAs targeting two different genes were tested. Transplastomic leaves producing dsRNA against the actin gene caused a mortality rate of 100% after five days of feeding", says Sher Afzal Khan from Jena. The actin gene encodes a structural protein that is essential for cell integrity. In contrast, plants with a modified nuclear genome expressed much less dsRNA and only slightly slowed down the beetles' growth.

These recent results show that changing the target of transformation from the nuclear genome to the chloroplast genome overcomes the major hurdle towards exploiting RNAi for crop protection. As many insect pests increasingly develop resistances against chemical pesticides and Bt toxins, RNAi represents a promising strategy for pest control. This technology allows for precise protection without chemicals and without production of foreign proteins in the plant.

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Fighting the Colorado potato beetle with RNA interference

Top 10 Hilarious Bee Stings - by Buddies Exterminating
Top 10 Hilarious Bee Stings Caught on Tape! These poor folks get stung by aggressive yellow jackets and honeybees. Brought to you by Buddies Exterminating ...

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Pest Control Houston Company Launches New Website
The Pest Gurus in Houston has announced the launch of its newly developed website, including an extensive project gallery and other new features. http://news.massmediaseo.com/pest-control-hous ...

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Horizons Regional Councils pest plant team hosted two international students on the hunt for bio-control insects last week.

Horizons environmental officer plants Neil Gallagher says bio-control is a technique used worldwide to restore balance between a weed and the environment by recruiting some of its key natural enemies.

"Pest plants that have been introduced to New Zealand are often not considered a weed in their home country because there are bio-agents there to control them," he says.

"If it can be determined what these agents are, they can be released in key areas to help fight against weeds such as california thistle, nodding thistle and woolly nightshade. Our team has been active in getting bio-agents established in the Region so were more than happy to host students studying bio-control."

Darwin Hickman from the University of Birmingham and Cecilia Falla-Mata from Guatemala were taken to sites by Horizons staff where a number of bio-control beetles, flies and bugs had been released.

"Our team is really keen to learn everything we can about bio-control. So while assisting Darwin and Cecilia with their visit and helping them collect data, we were also soaking up any new information they could share in order to increase the success of the programme," says Mr Gallagher.

"We took the students to Pohangina Valley, Ohingaiti and Utiku and were pleased to find thistle bio-agents had taken a noticeable toll on pasture weeds. In particular the Pohangina site showed at least 50 per cent of thistles were damaged by green thistle beetles and reducing the amount of thistle present."

Mr Gallagher says New Zealands bio-control programme is recognised internationally as being an efficient, safe and robust system.

"The impressive thing about our programme is that using bio-agents hasnt impacted negatively on our native plants or agricultural and horticultural crops. This is one of the reasons why students are coming here to see how things work."

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International students seek out bio-agents

Jim #39;s Allotment - Plot 9 - January Tour Part 7 - Organic Pest Control and DIY Weather Vane
Organic Vegetable Gardening - Dealing with pests in the garden and how they can be control with organic methods and other organic tips. Final part of #39; How to build a Weather Vane #39; and demonstratio.

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Pest Management Charleston Pest Control Raccoon Trap Mice Rats Bats
http://www.biotechpestmanagement.com/about-us/ Pest Management Charleston Pest Control Rat Trap Mice Trap Bat Traps Summerville Hanahan Moncks Corner About U...

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Pest Control Marketing - Do YOU want more new customers?
http://www.PestControlMarketer.com - Pest Control Marketing guru Hal Coleman offers FREE Tips, Strategies and Techniques. Visit website and subscribe to his FREE Weekly Articles and Videos....

By: Hal Coleman

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Pest Control Marketing - Do YOU want more new customers? - Video