How to Clean a Septic System | eHow

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Tom Raley

Tom Raley is a freelance writer living in central Arkansas. He has been writing for more than 20 years and his short stories and articles have appeared in more than 25 different publications including P.I. Magazine, Pulsar and Writer's Digest.

A septic system consists of two primary components, the field lines and the septic tank. In most areas the minimum septic tank size required will be 1,000 gallons. On an average home the septic tank will need to be cleaned out every 3 to 5 years. The time between cleanings can be increased if the homeowner practices water conservation and keeps harsh chemicals out of the system.

Excavate an opening to the septic tank, or open the access hatch provided above ground level. If there is no access from the surface it will be necessary to remove the dirt from the top of the tank in order to expose the access lid. The tank should not be buried more than 10 to 18 inches below the surface.

Check the amount of sludge or solid waste located at the bottom of the tank. This can be done with a long stick or pole. A section of small 1-inch PVC pipe works well as a measuring rod as well. Determine what percentage of the tank contains sludge. If the tank is 5 feet high and has 2 feet of sludge, it would be 40 percent filled. Any tank which is 35 percent or more filled with sludge is considered to be full. Allowing the tank to be filled above this level could result in clogs or waste back flowing into the home.

Pump the sludge out of the tank using a pumping truck designed to hold this type of waste. On a 1,000 gallon tank that is 35 percent filled you will have the equivalent of 350 gallons of sludge to remove. It is not necessary to remove all of the water from the tank, your only concern is the sludge. The tank should always be filled with water and will only work properly when it is filed.

Re-seal the tank and replace the dirt removed at the beginning of the project. If possible, install an access port so the tank can be emptied without the need to excavate the tank lid each time. Do not allow any dirt to enter the tank during the pumping process or when re-sealing the tank.

Empty the hazardous waste from the truck at an approved location. Dumping it in an unapproved manner is not only criminal, but also very unsafe and unsanitary.

This process is best done by professionals who have the equipment and experience to complete the task in a very timely manner. They will also have permits and know where to dump the waste. For an average tank you can expect to spend from $300 to $500.

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How to Clean a Septic System | eHow