Types of Wiring Systems and Methods of Electrical Wiring

What is Electrical Wiring?

Electrical Wiring is a process of connecting cables and wires to the related devices such as fuse, switches, sockets, lights, fans etc to the main distribution board is a specific structure to the utility pole for continues power supply.

Wiring (a process of connecting various accessories for distribution of electrical energy from suppliers meter board to home appliances such as lamps, fans and other domestic appliances is known as Electrical Wiring) can be done using two methods which are

They are discussed as follows:

In this method of wiring, connections to appliances are made through joints. These joints are made in joint boxes by means of suitable connectors or joints cutouts. This method of wiring doesnt consume too much cables size.

You might think because this method of wiring doesnt require too much cable it is therefore cheaper. It is of course but the money you saved from buying cables will be used in buying joint boxes, thus equation is balanced. This method is suitable for temporary installations and it is cheap.

This method of wiring is universally used in wiring. Lamps and other appliances are connected in parallel so that each of the appliances can be controlled individually. When a connection is required at a light or switch, the feed conductor is looped in by bringing it directly to the terminal and then carrying it forward again to the next point to be fed.

The switch and light feeds are carried round the circuit in a series of loops from one point to another until the last on the circuit is reached. The phase or line conductors are looped either in switchboard or box and neutrals are looped either in switchboard or from light or fan. Line or phase should never be looped from light or fan.

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The types of internal wiring usually used are

There are additional types of conduit wiring according to Pipes installation (Where steel and PVC pipes are used for wiring connection and installation).

This system of wiring comprise of ordinary VIR or PVC insulated wires (occasionally, sheathed and weather proof cable) braided and compounded held on walls or ceilings by means of porcelain cleats, Plastic or wood.

Cleat wiring system is a temporary wiring system therefore it is not suitable for domestic premises. The use of cleat wiring system is over nowadays.

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Casing and Capping wiring system was famous wiring system in the past but, it is considered obsolete this days because of Conduit and sheathed wiring system. The cables used in this kind of wiring were either VIR or PVC or any other approved insulated cables.

The cables were carried through the wooden casing enclosures. The casing is made up of a strip of wood with parallel grooves cut length wise so as to accommodate VIR cables. The grooves were made to separate opposite polarity. the capping (also made of wood) used to cover the wires and cables installed and fitted in the casing.

Single core or double core or three core TRS cables with a circular oval shape cables are used in this kind of wiring. Mostly, single core cables are preferred. TRS cables are chemical proof, water proof, steam proof, but are slightly affected by lubricating oil. The TRS cables are run on well seasoned and straight teak wood batten with at least a thickness of 10mm.

The cables are held on the wooden batten by means of tinned brass link clips (buckle clip) already fixed on the batten with brass pins and spaced at an interval of 10cm for horizontal runs and 15cm for vertical runs.

The type of wiring employs conductors that are insulated with VIR and covered with an outer sheath of lead aluminum alloy containing about 95% of lead. The metal sheath given protection to cables from mechanical damage, moisture and atmospheric corrosion.

The whole lead covering is made electrically continuous and is connected to earth at the point of entry to protect against electrolytic action due to leaking current and to provide safety in case the sheath becomes alive. The cables are run on wooden batten and fixed by means of link clips just as in TRS wiring.

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There are two additional types of conduit wiring according to pipe installation

If conduits installed on roof or wall, It is known as surface conduit wiring. in this wiring method, they make holes on the surface of wall on equal distances and conduit is installed then with the help of rawal plugs.

If the conduits is hidden inside the wall slots with the help of plastering, it is called concealed conduit wiring. In other words, the electrical wiring system inside wall, roof or floor with the help of plastic or metallic piping is called concealed conduit wiring. obliviously, It is the most popular, beautiful, stronger and common electrical wiring system nowadays.

In conduit wiring, steel tubes known as conduits are installed on the surface of walls by means of pipe hooks (surface conduit wiring) or buried in walls under plaster and VIR or PVC cables are afterwards drawn by means of a GI wire of size if about 18SWG.

In Conduit wiring system, The conduits should be electrically continuous and connected to earth at some suitable points in case of steel conduit. Conduit wiring is a professional way of wiring a building. Mostly PVC conduits are used in domestic wiring.

The conduit protects the cables from being damaged by rodents (when rodents bites the cables it will cause short circuit) that is why circuit breakers are in place though but hey! Prevention is better than cure. Lead conduits are used in factories or when the building is prone to fire accident. Trunking is more of like surface conduit wiring. Its gaining popularity too.

It is done by screwing a PVC trunking pipe to a wall then passing the cables through the pipe. The cables in conduit should not be too tight. Space factor have to be put into consideration.

Following conduits are used in the conduit wiring systems (both concealed and surface conduit wiring) which are shown in the above image.

Metallic conduits are made of steel which are very strong but costly as well.

There are two types of metallic conduits.

A solid PVC conduit is used as non-metallic conduit now a days, which is flexible and easy to bend.

The common conduit pipes are available in different sizes genially, 13, 16.2, 18.75, 20, 25, 37, 50, and 63 mm (diameter) or 1/2, 5/8, 3/4, 1, 1.25, 1.5, and 2 inch in diameter.

Below is the table which shows the comparison between all the above mentioned wiring systems.

We will discuss the step by step method of different wiring systems in coming posts.. So stay tune and dont forget to subscribe to our blog. Thanks

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Types of Wiring Systems and Methods of Electrical Wiring